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abc.rst.txt	7219	0644	editdlrm
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aetools.rst.txt	3532	0644	editdlrm
aetypes.rst.txt	4257	0644	editdlrm
aifc.rst.txt	7086	0644	editdlrm
al.rst.txt	5309	0644	editdlrm
allos.rst.txt	695	0644	editdlrm
anydbm.rst.txt	4111	0644	editdlrm
archiving.rst.txt	424	0644	editdlrm
argparse.rst.txt	74685	0644	editdlrm
array.rst.txt	10524	0644	editdlrm
ast.rst.txt	10111	0644	editdlrm
asynchat.rst.txt	9206	0644	editdlrm
asyncore.rst.txt	12937	0644	editdlrm
atexit.rst.txt	3910	0644	editdlrm
audioop.rst.txt	10395	0644	editdlrm
autogil.rst.txt	1015	0644	editdlrm
base64.rst.txt	6252	0644	editdlrm
basehttpserver.rst.txt	10404	0644	editdlrm
bastion.rst.txt	2611	0644	editdlrm
bdb.rst.txt	12456	0644	editdlrm
binascii.rst.txt	6508	0644	editdlrm
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bz2.rst.txt	8064	0644	editdlrm
calendar.rst.txt	11282	0644	editdlrm
carbon.rst.txt	15956	0644	editdlrm
cd.rst.txt	11974	0644	editdlrm
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code.rst.txt	7115	0644	editdlrm
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collections.rst.txt	41448	0644	editdlrm
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compileall.rst.txt	4678	0644	editdlrm
compiler.rst.txt	37464	0644	editdlrm
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crypt.rst.txt	2292	0644	editdlrm
crypto.rst.txt	355	0644	editdlrm
csv.rst.txt	22757	0644	editdlrm
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curses.ascii.rst.txt	9046	0644	editdlrm
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dbm.rst.txt	3117	0644	editdlrm
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dl.rst.txt	3392	0644	editdlrm
doctest.rst.txt	73985	0644	editdlrm
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dumbdbm.rst.txt	2841	0644	editdlrm
dummy_thread.rst.txt	1058	0644	editdlrm
dummy_threading.rst.txt	799	0644	editdlrm
easydialogs.rst.txt	10346	0644	editdlrm
email-examples.rst.txt	1271	0644	editdlrm
email.charset.rst.txt	9654	0644	editdlrm
email.encoders.rst.txt	2376	0644	editdlrm
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email.mime.rst.txt	9917	0644	editdlrm
email.parser.rst.txt	10327	0644	editdlrm
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fcntl.rst.txt	7361	0644	editdlrm
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fileinput.rst.txt	7417	0644	editdlrm
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fl.rst.txt	17646	0644	editdlrm
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fnmatch.rst.txt	3104	0644	editdlrm
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fractions.rst.txt	5297	0644	editdlrm
framework.rst.txt	11444	0644	editdlrm
frameworks.rst.txt	378	0644	editdlrm
ftplib.rst.txt	15720	0644	editdlrm
functions.rst.txt	75554	0644	editdlrm
functools.rst.txt	7448	0644	editdlrm
future_builtins.rst.txt	2010	0644	editdlrm
gc.rst.txt	9014	0644	editdlrm
gdbm.rst.txt	4882	0644	editdlrm
gensuitemodule.rst.txt	3113	0644	editdlrm
getopt.rst.txt	6670	0644	editdlrm
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grp.rst.txt	2256	0644	editdlrm
gzip.rst.txt	4828	0644	editdlrm
hashlib.rst.txt	7379	0644	editdlrm
heapq.rst.txt	13185	0644	editdlrm
hmac.rst.txt	3073	0644	editdlrm
hotshot.rst.txt	4289	0644	editdlrm
htmllib.rst.txt	7379	0644	editdlrm
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httplib.rst.txt	37454	0644	editdlrm
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ic.rst.txt	5005	0644	editdlrm
idle.rst.txt	22182	0644	editdlrm
imageop.rst.txt	4001	0644	editdlrm
imaplib.rst.txt	17221	0644	editdlrm
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importlib.rst.txt	1126	0644	editdlrm
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inspect.rst.txt	28151	0644	editdlrm
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io.rst.txt	39015	0644	editdlrm
ipc.rst.txt	630	0644	editdlrm
itertools.rst.txt	36324	0644	editdlrm
jpeg.rst.txt	3858	0644	editdlrm
json.rst.txt	25545	0644	editdlrm
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logging.handlers.rst.txt	28153	0644	editdlrm
logging.rst.txt	46882	0644	editdlrm
mac.rst.txt	791	0644	editdlrm
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macostools.rst.txt	4017	0644	editdlrm
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mailbox.rst.txt	68129	0644	editdlrm
mailcap.rst.txt	3675	0644	editdlrm
markup.rst.txt	1249	0644	editdlrm
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math.rst.txt	10920	0644	editdlrm
md5.rst.txt	2815	0644	editdlrm
mhlib.rst.txt	3966	0644	editdlrm
mimetools.rst.txt	4504	0644	editdlrm
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mimewriter.rst.txt	3360	0644	editdlrm
mimify.rst.txt	3519	0644	editdlrm
miniaeframe.rst.txt	2564	0644	editdlrm
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modulefinder.rst.txt	3380	0644	editdlrm
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msilib.rst.txt	19062	0644	editdlrm
msvcrt.rst.txt	4346	0644	editdlrm
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netdata.rst.txt	432	0644	editdlrm
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new.rst.txt	2653	0644	editdlrm
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numbers.rst.txt	8007	0644	editdlrm
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optparse.rst.txt	77101	0644	editdlrm
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pdb.rst.txt	16043	0644	editdlrm
persistence.rst.txt	826	0644	editdlrm
pickle.rst.txt	37262	0644	editdlrm
pickletools.rst.txt	1997	0644	editdlrm
pipes.rst.txt	3786	0644	editdlrm
pkgutil.rst.txt	7714	0644	editdlrm
platform.rst.txt	9554	0644	editdlrm
plistlib.rst.txt	4134	0644	editdlrm
popen2.rst.txt	7022	0644	editdlrm
poplib.rst.txt	6220	0644	editdlrm
posix.rst.txt	3630	0644	editdlrm
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pprint.rst.txt	9071	0644	editdlrm
profile.rst.txt	28666	0644	editdlrm
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pyclbr.rst.txt	3296	0644	editdlrm
pydoc.rst.txt	4083	0644	editdlrm
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python.rst.txt	514	0644	editdlrm
py_compile.rst.txt	2479	0644	editdlrm
queue.rst.txt	7034	0644	editdlrm
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rfc822.rst.txt	14037	0644	editdlrm
rlcompleter.rst.txt	2494	0644	editdlrm
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runpy.rst.txt	6938	0644	editdlrm
sched.rst.txt	4644	0644	editdlrm
scrolledtext.rst.txt	1379	0644	editdlrm
select.rst.txt	20705	0644	editdlrm
sets.rst.txt	14973	0644	editdlrm
sgi.rst.txt	322	0644	editdlrm
sgmllib.rst.txt	10664	0644	editdlrm
sha.rst.txt	2807	0644	editdlrm
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signal.rst.txt	10719	0644	editdlrm
simplehttpserver.rst.txt	4559	0644	editdlrm
simplexmlrpcserver.rst.txt	10881	0644	editdlrm
site.rst.txt	7880	0644	editdlrm
smtpd.rst.txt	2464	0644	editdlrm
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sndhdr.rst.txt	1759	0644	editdlrm
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:mod:`zlib` --- Compression compatible with :program:`gzip` =========================================================== .. module:: zlib :synopsis: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip. For applications that require data compression, the functions in this module allow compression and decompression, using the zlib library. The zlib library has its own home page at http://www.zlib.net. There are known incompatibilities between the Python module and versions of the zlib library earlier than 1.1.3; 1.1.3 has a security vulnerability, so we recommend using 1.1.4 or later. zlib's functions have many options and often need to be used in a particular order. This documentation doesn't attempt to cover all of the permutations; consult the zlib manual at http://www.zlib.net/manual.html for authoritative information. For reading and writing ``.gz`` files see the :mod:`gzip` module. The available exception and functions in this module are: .. exception:: error Exception raised on compression and decompression errors. .. function:: adler32(data[, value]) Computes an Adler-32 checksum of *data*. (An Adler-32 checksum is almost as reliable as a CRC32 but can be computed much more quickly.) If *value* is present, it is used as the starting value of the checksum; otherwise, a fixed default value is used. This allows computing a running checksum over the concatenation of several inputs. The algorithm is not cryptographically strong, and should not be used for authentication or digital signatures. Since the algorithm is designed for use as a checksum algorithm, it is not suitable for use as a general hash algorithm. This function always returns an integer object. .. note:: To generate the same numeric value across all Python versions and platforms use adler32(data) & 0xffffffff. If you are only using the checksum in packed binary format this is not necessary as the return value is the correct 32bit binary representation regardless of sign. .. versionchanged:: 2.6 The return value is in the range [-2**31, 2**31-1] regardless of platform. In older versions the value is signed on some platforms and unsigned on others. .. versionchanged:: 3.0 The return value is unsigned and in the range [0, 2**32-1] regardless of platform. .. function:: compress(string[, level]) Compresses the data in *string*, returning a string contained compressed data. *level* is an integer from ``0`` to ``9`` controlling the level of compression; ``1`` is fastest and produces the least compression, ``9`` is slowest and produces the most. ``0`` is no compression. The default value is ``6``. Raises the :exc:`error` exception if any error occurs. .. function:: compressobj([level[, method[, wbits[, memlevel[, strategy]]]]]) Returns a compression object, to be used for compressing data streams that won't fit into memory at once. *level* is an integer from ``0`` to ``9`` or ``-1``, controlling the level of compression; ``1`` is fastest and produces the least compression, ``9`` is slowest and produces the most. ``0`` is no compression. The default value is ``-1`` (Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION). Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION represents a default compromise between speed and compression (currently equivalent to level 6). *method* is the compression algorithm. Currently, the only supported value is ``DEFLATED``. The *wbits* argument controls the size of the history buffer (or the "window size") used when compressing data, and whether a header and trailer is included in the output. It can take several ranges of values. The default is 15. * +9 to +15: The base-two logarithm of the window size, which therefore ranges between 512 and 32768. Larger values produce better compression at the expense of greater memory usage. The resulting output will include a zlib-specific header and trailer. * −9 to −15: Uses the absolute value of *wbits* as the window size logarithm, while producing a raw output stream with no header or trailing checksum. * +25 to +31 = 16 + (9 to 15): Uses the low 4 bits of the value as the window size logarithm, while including a basic :program:`gzip` header and trailing checksum in the output. *memlevel* controls the amount of memory used for internal compression state. Valid values range from ``1`` to ``9``. Higher values using more memory, but are faster and produce smaller output. The default is 8. *strategy* is used to tune the compression algorithm. Possible values are ``Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY``, ``Z_FILTERED``, and ``Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY``. The default is ``Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY``. .. function:: crc32(data[, value]) .. index:: single: Cyclic Redundancy Check single: checksum; Cyclic Redundancy Check Computes a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum of *data*. If *value* is present, it is used as the starting value of the checksum; otherwise, a fixed default value is used. This allows computing a running checksum over the concatenation of several inputs. The algorithm is not cryptographically strong, and should not be used for authentication or digital signatures. Since the algorithm is designed for use as a checksum algorithm, it is not suitable for use as a general hash algorithm. This function always returns an integer object. .. note:: To generate the same numeric value across all Python versions and platforms use crc32(data) & 0xffffffff. If you are only using the checksum in packed binary format this is not necessary as the return value is the correct 32bit binary representation regardless of sign. .. versionchanged:: 2.6 The return value is in the range [-2**31, 2**31-1] regardless of platform. In older versions the value would be signed on some platforms and unsigned on others. .. versionchanged:: 3.0 The return value is unsigned and in the range [0, 2**32-1] regardless of platform. .. function:: decompress(string[, wbits[, bufsize]]) Decompresses the data in *string*, returning a string containing the uncompressed data. The *wbits* parameter depends on the format of *string*, and is discussed further below. If *bufsize* is given, it is used as the initial size of the output buffer. Raises the :exc:`error` exception if any error occurs. .. _decompress-wbits: The *wbits* parameter controls the size of the history buffer (or "window size"), and what header and trailer format is expected. It is similar to the parameter for :func:`compressobj`, but accepts more ranges of values: * +8 to +15: The base-two logarithm of the window size. The input must include a zlib header and trailer. * 0: Automatically determine the window size from the zlib header. Only supported since zlib 1.2.3.5. * −8 to −15: Uses the absolute value of *wbits* as the window size logarithm. The input must be a raw stream with no header or trailer. * +24 to +31 = 16 + (8 to 15): Uses the low 4 bits of the value as the window size logarithm. The input must include a gzip header and trailer. * +40 to +47 = 32 + (8 to 15): Uses the low 4 bits of the value as the window size logarithm, and automatically accepts either the zlib or gzip format. When decompressing a stream, the window size must not be smaller than the size originally used to compress the stream; using a too-small value may result in an :exc:`error` exception. The default *wbits* value is 15, which corresponds to the largest window size and requires a zlib header and trailer to be included. *bufsize* is the initial size of the buffer used to hold decompressed data. If more space is required, the buffer size will be increased as needed, so you don't have to get this value exactly right; tuning it will only save a few calls to :c:func:`malloc`. The default size is 16384. .. function:: decompressobj([wbits]) Returns a decompression object, to be used for decompressing data streams that won't fit into memory at once. The *wbits* parameter controls the size of the history buffer (or the "window size"), and what header and trailer format is expected. It has the same meaning as `described for decompress() <#decompress-wbits>`__. Compression objects support the following methods: .. method:: Compress.compress(string) Compress *string*, returning a string containing compressed data for at least part of the data in *string*. This data should be concatenated to the output produced by any preceding calls to the :meth:`compress` method. Some input may be kept in internal buffers for later processing. .. method:: Compress.flush([mode]) All pending input is processed, and a string containing the remaining compressed output is returned. *mode* can be selected from the constants :const:`Z_SYNC_FLUSH`, :const:`Z_FULL_FLUSH`, or :const:`Z_FINISH`, defaulting to :const:`Z_FINISH`. :const:`Z_SYNC_FLUSH` and :const:`Z_FULL_FLUSH` allow compressing further strings of data, while :const:`Z_FINISH` finishes the compressed stream and prevents compressing any more data. After calling :meth:`flush` with *mode* set to :const:`Z_FINISH`, the :meth:`compress` method cannot be called again; the only realistic action is to delete the object. .. method:: Compress.copy() Returns a copy of the compression object. This can be used to efficiently compress a set of data that share a common initial prefix. .. versionadded:: 2.5 Decompression objects support the following methods, and two attributes: .. attribute:: Decompress.unused_data A string which contains any bytes past the end of the compressed data. That is, this remains ``""`` until the last byte that contains compression data is available. If the whole string turned out to contain compressed data, this is ``""``, the empty string. The only way to determine where a string of compressed data ends is by actually decompressing it. This means that when compressed data is contained part of a larger file, you can only find the end of it by reading data and feeding it followed by some non-empty string into a decompression object's :meth:`decompress` method until the :attr:`unused_data` attribute is no longer the empty string. .. attribute:: Decompress.unconsumed_tail A string that contains any data that was not consumed by the last :meth:`decompress` call because it exceeded the limit for the uncompressed data buffer. This data has not yet been seen by the zlib machinery, so you must feed it (possibly with further data concatenated to it) back to a subsequent :meth:`decompress` method call in order to get correct output. .. method:: Decompress.decompress(string[, max_length]) Decompress *string*, returning a string containing the uncompressed data corresponding to at least part of the data in *string*. This data should be concatenated to the output produced by any preceding calls to the :meth:`decompress` method. Some of the input data may be preserved in internal buffers for later processing. If the optional parameter *max_length* is non-zero then the return value will be no longer than *max_length*. This may mean that not all of the compressed input can be processed; and unconsumed data will be stored in the attribute :attr:`unconsumed_tail`. This string must be passed to a subsequent call to :meth:`decompress` if decompression is to continue. If *max_length* is not supplied then the whole input is decompressed, and :attr:`unconsumed_tail` is an empty string. .. method:: Decompress.flush([length]) All pending input is processed, and a string containing the remaining uncompressed output is returned. After calling :meth:`flush`, the :meth:`decompress` method cannot be called again; the only realistic action is to delete the object. The optional parameter *length* sets the initial size of the output buffer. .. method:: Decompress.copy() Returns a copy of the decompression object. This can be used to save the state of the decompressor midway through the data stream in order to speed up random seeks into the stream at a future point. .. versionadded:: 2.5 .. seealso:: Module :mod:`gzip` Reading and writing :program:`gzip`\ -format files. http://www.zlib.net The zlib library home page. http://www.zlib.net/manual.html The zlib manual explains the semantics and usage of the library's many functions.