/
usr
/
local
/
share
/
man
/
man3
/
/usr/local/share/man/man3
mkdir
upload
Name
Size
Mode
Actions
App::Prove.3pm
10508
0444
edit
dl
rm
App::Prove::State.3pm
6005
0444
edit
dl
rm
App::Prove::State::Result.3pm
5619
0444
edit
dl
rm
App::Prove::State::Result::Test.3pm
5051
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig.3pm
35289
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::Args.3pm
7992
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::CGI.3pm
6609
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::File.3pm
12614
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::Getopt.3pm
7444
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::State.3pm
24972
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::Sys.3pm
6695
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Tar.3pm
44061
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Tar::File.3pm
11083
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip.3pm
69985
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip::FAQ.3pm
18437
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip::MemberRead.3pm
6734
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip::Tree.3pm
2875
0444
edit
dl
rm
B::COW.3pm
5163
0444
edit
dl
rm
Canary::Stability.3pm
3727
0444
edit
dl
rm
CDB_File.3pm
14318
0444
edit
dl
rm
common::sense.3pm
0
0444
edit
dl
rm
Compress::Raw::Bzip2.3pm
13463
0444
edit
dl
rm
Compress::Raw::Zlib.3pm
42082
0444
edit
dl
rm
Compress::Zlib.3pm
38719
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta.3pm
15923
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta::Converter.3pm
6594
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta::Feature.3pm
4322
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History.3pm
7855
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0.3pm
9973
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1.3pm
12410
0444
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dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2.3pm
22224
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3.3pm
23974
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4.3pm
24565
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Merge.3pm
5285
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Prereqs.3pm
7380
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Requirements.3pm
12308
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Spec.3pm
45592
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Validator.3pm
4215
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::YAML.3pm
4230
0444
edit
dl
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Crypt::OpenSSL::Random.3pm
5634
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses.3pm
37580
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI.3pm
15619
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Buttonbox.3pm
8908
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Calendar.3pm
8203
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Checkbox.3pm
6509
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Color.3pm
5903
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Common.3pm
6498
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Container.3pm
9041
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Basic.3pm
5213
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Calendar.3pm
4761
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Dirbrowser.3pm
5369
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Error.3pm
4307
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Filebrowser.3pm
6889
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Progress.3pm
5774
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Question.3pm
5277
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Status.3pm
4765
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Label.3pm
7333
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Listbox.3pm
11988
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Menubar.3pm
8110
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Notebook.3pm
9140
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::PasswordEntry.3pm
3743
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Popupmenu.3pm
7431
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Progressbar.3pm
5891
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Radiobuttonbox.3pm
4069
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Searchable.3pm
6668
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::TextEditor.3pm
14171
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::TextEntry.3pm
3623
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::TextViewer.3pm
3670
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Tutorial.3pm
8555
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Widget.3pm
25675
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Window.3pm
5084
0444
edit
dl
rm
Cwd.3pm
7183
0444
edit
dl
rm
Date::Format.3pm
7291
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Language.3pm
3809
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Language::Bulgarian.3pm
3675
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Language::Hungarian.3pm
3091
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Parse.3pm
5402
0444
edit
dl
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Digest::SHA.3pm
25759
0444
edit
dl
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Expect.3pm
60229
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::CBuilder.3pm
11923
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows.3pm
3117
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Command.3pm
5942
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Command::MM.3pm
5723
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Liblist.3pm
12679
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker.3pm
79357
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config.3pm
2587
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ.3pm
26829
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale.3pm
11168
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.3pm
8389
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Manifest.3pm
11961
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap.3pm
3459
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::Mksymlists.3pm
6699
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM.3pm
2829
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_AIX.3pm
3044
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Any.3pm
31129
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_BeOS.3pm
2798
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin.3pm
3569
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::MM_Darwin.3pm
2688
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::MM_DOS.3pm
3021
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_MacOS.3pm
2987
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_NW5.3pm
3200
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_OS2.3pm
2886
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_QNX.3pm
2942
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Unix.3pm
21419
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_UWIN.3pm
3051
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_VMS.3pm
14900
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_VOS.3pm
2926
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Win32.3pm
5919
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Win95.3pm
3276
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MY.3pm
2764
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::testlib.3pm
2690
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::GlobMapper.3pm
11447
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir.3pm
18212
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin.3pm
3232
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Carbon.3pm
3517
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Cocoa.3pm
3446
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Driver.3pm
3101
0444
edit
dl
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File::HomeDir::FreeDesktop.3pm
3487
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::MacOS9.3pm
3499
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Test.3pm
3534
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Unix.3pm
3638
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Windows.3pm
4891
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Path.3pm
31030
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Slurp.3pm
23626
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec.3pm
13784
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::AmigaOS.3pm
2826
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Cygwin.3pm
3957
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Epoc.3pm
3251
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Functions.3pm
3799
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Mac.3pm
18664
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::OS2.3pm
3118
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Unix.3pm
9837
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::VMS.3pm
6389
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Win32.3pm
6451
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Temp.3pm
36799
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Which.3pm
9746
0444
edit
dl
rm
Getopt::Long.3pm
52647
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB.3pm
10947
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB::CMDS.3pm
18894
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB::Encode.3pm
7863
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB::Object.3pm
10057
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::AsSubs.3pm
8586
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Element.3pm
70793
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Element::traverse.3pm
15984
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Form.3pm
28158
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Parse.3pm
8277
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree.3pm
9982
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree::AboutObjects.3pm
37918
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree::AboutTrees.3pm
58534
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree::Scanning.3pm
34385
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::TreeBuilder.3pm
30138
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTTP::Tiny.3pm
27709
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::AtomicFile.3pm
5381
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Base.3pm
3506
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Bzip2.3pm
23260
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Deflate.3pm
26768
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::FAQ.3pm
26718
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Gzip.3pm
34489
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::RawDeflate.3pm
27134
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Zip.3pm
40870
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::InnerFile.3pm
6035
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Lines.3pm
3783
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Pty.3pm
8579
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Scalar.3pm
10679
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::ScalarArray.3pm
10528
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Stringy.3pm
4049
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Tty.3pm
8348
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Tty::Constant.3pm
10012
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate.3pm
32800
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress.3pm
30767
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Base.3pm
3518
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2.3pm
29171
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.3pm
31719
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::Inflate.3pm
29915
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::RawInflate.3pm
29563
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Unzip.3pm
31279
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Wrap.3pm
10664
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::WrapTie.3pm
14987
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::PP.3pm
50080
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::PP::Boolean.3pm
2667
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::Syck.3pm
8094
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::XS.3pm
89037
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::XS::Boolean.3pm
2857
0444
edit
dl
rm
lib::core::only.3pm
5647
0444
edit
dl
rm
local::lib.3pm
31390
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP.3pm
28506
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Authen::Ntlm.3pm
7489
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::ConnCache.3pm
9967
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Debug.3pm
5608
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::MemberMixin.3pm
4821
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Protocol.3pm
8350
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Protocol::https.3pm
5684
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::RobotUA.3pm
9022
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Simple.3pm
9016
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::UserAgent.3pm
48156
0444
edit
dl
rm
lwpcook.3pm
14838
0444
edit
dl
rm
lwptut.3pm
32441
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build.3pm
44563
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::API.3pm
89267
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Authoring.3pm
17363
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Base.3pm
5157
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Bundling.3pm
9999
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Compat.3pm
10885
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::ConfigData.3pm
7388
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Cookbook.3pm
25946
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Notes.3pm
4690
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::aix.3pm
4472
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::cygwin.3pm
4505
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::darwin.3pm
4491
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::Default.3pm
4490
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::MacOS.3pm
5398
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::os2.3pm
4474
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Platform::Unix.3pm
4481
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::VMS.3pm
7885
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::VOS.3pm
4477
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Platform::Windows.3pm
4529
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::PPMMaker.3pm
4886
0444
edit
dl
rm
Mozilla::CA.3pm
3571
0444
edit
dl
rm
Net::CIDR::Lite.3pm
9562
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Cmd.3pm
11545
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Config.3pm
8100
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Domain.3pm
3835
0444
edit
dl
rm
Net::FTP.3pm
27341
0444
edit
dl
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Net::FTP::dataconn.3pm
3979
0444
edit
dl
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Net::HTTP.3pm
16375
0444
edit
dl
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Net::HTTP::NB.3pm
5394
0444
edit
dl
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Net::HTTPS.3pm
5438
0444
edit
dl
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Net::IP.3pm
27697
0444
edit
dl
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Net::libnetFAQ.3pm
14746
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Netrc.3pm
6729
0444
edit
dl
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Net::NNTP.3pm
23193
0444
edit
dl
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Net::POP3.3pm
12259
0444
edit
dl
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Net::SMTP.3pm
18880
0444
edit
dl
rm
Net::SSLeay.3pm
349350
0444
edit
dl
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Net::SSLeay::Handle.3pm
9127
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Time.3pm
4524
0444
edit
dl
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ok.3pm
2851
0444
edit
dl
rm
Parse::CPAN::Meta.3pm
10187
0444
edit
dl
rm
POD2::DE::local::lib.3pm
22879
0444
edit
dl
rm
POD2::PT_BR::local::lib.3pm
22762
0444
edit
dl
rm
Socket.3pm
34078
0444
edit
dl
rm
Sub::Identify.3pm
5087
0444
edit
dl
rm
SUPER.3pm
7394
0444
edit
dl
rm
Switch.3pm
19014
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Base.3pm
3401
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Formatter::Base.3pm
6233
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Formatter::Color.3pm
3717
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Console.3pm
2722
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession.3pm
3065
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Console::Session.3pm
2832
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::File.3pm
2693
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::File::Session.3pm
2847
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Session.3pm
3603
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Harness.3pm
21300
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Harness::Beyond.3pm
19118
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Harness::Env.3pm
5467
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Object.3pm
4497
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser.3pm
42210
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Aggregator.3pm
8023
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Grammar.3pm
8647
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator.3pm
4993
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array.3pm
3771
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process.3pm
4601
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream.3pm
3712
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory.3pm
6904
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Multiplexer.3pm
4646
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Result.3pm
7512
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout.3pm
3293
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Comment.3pm
3118
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Plan.3pm
4173
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma.3pm
3073
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Test.3pm
7114
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown.3pm
2973
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Version.3pm
3154
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::YAML.3pm
3086
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::ResultFactory.3pm
5523
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Scheduler.3pm
8113
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job.3pm
4301
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner.3pm
3346
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Source.3pm
8170
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::SourceHandler.3pm
7559
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable.3pm
5297
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File.3pm
4567
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle.3pm
4425
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl.3pm
6262
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP.3pm
4434
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader.3pm
3995
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer.3pm
4879
0444
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/usr/local/share/man/man3/Module::Build::Cookbook.3pm
(25946B)
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.27 (Pod::Simple 3.28) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and .\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, .\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W- .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{ . if \nF \{ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] \fP .\} .if t \{\ . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds / .\} .if t \{\ . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E . \" corrections for vroff .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "Module::Build::Cookbook 3" .TH Module::Build::Cookbook 3 "2016-10-25" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" Module::Build::Cookbook \- Examples of Module::Build Usage .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR isn't conceptually very complicated, but examples are always helpful. The following recipes should help developers and/or installers put together the pieces from the other parts of the documentation. .SH "BASIC RECIPES" .IX Header "BASIC RECIPES" .SS "Installing modules that use Module::Build" .IX Subsection "Installing modules that use Module::Build" In most cases, you can just issue the following commands: .PP .Vb 4 \& perl Build.PL \& ./Build \& ./Build test \& ./Build install .Ve .PP There's nothing complicated here \- first you're running a script called \fIBuild.PL\fR, then you're running a (newly-generated) script called \fIBuild\fR and passing it various arguments. .PP The exact commands may vary a bit depending on how you invoke perl scripts on your system. For instance, if you have multiple versions of perl installed, you can install to one particular perl's library directories like so: .PP .Vb 4 \& /usr/bin/perl5.8.1 Build.PL \& ./Build \& ./Build test \& ./Build install .Ve .PP If you're on Windows where the current directory is always searched first for scripts, you'll probably do something like this: .PP .Vb 4 \& perl Build.PL \& Build \& Build test \& Build install .Ve .PP On the old Mac \s-1OS \s0(version 9 or lower) using MacPerl, you can double-click on the \fIBuild.PL\fR script to create the \fIBuild\fR script, then double-click on the \fIBuild\fR script to run its \f(CW\*(C`build\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`test\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`install\*(C'\fR actions. .PP The \fIBuild\fR script knows what perl was used to run \fIBuild.PL\fR, so you don't need to re-invoke the \fIBuild\fR script with the complete perl path each time. If you invoke it with the \fIwrong\fR perl path, you'll get a warning or a fatal error. .SS "Modifying Config.pm values" .IX Subsection "Modifying Config.pm values" \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR relies heavily on various values from perl's \&\f(CW\*(C`Config.pm\*(C'\fR to do its work. For example, default installation paths are given by \f(CW\*(C`installsitelib\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`installvendorman3dir\*(C'\fR and friends, C linker & compiler settings are given by \f(CW\*(C`ld\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`lddlflags\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ccflags\*(C'\fR, and so on. \fIIf you're pretty sure you know what you're doing\fR, you can tell \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR to pretend there are different values in \fIConfig.pm\fR than what's really there, by passing arguments for the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-config\*(C'\fR parameter on the command line: .PP .Vb 1 \& perl Build.PL \-\-config cc=gcc \-\-config ld=gcc .Ve .PP Inside the \f(CW\*(C`Build.PL\*(C'\fR script the same thing can be accomplished by passing values for the \f(CW\*(C`config\*(C'\fR parameter to \f(CW\*(C`new()\*(C'\fR: .PP .Vb 6 \& my $build = Module::Build\->new \& ( \& ... \& config => { cc => \*(Aqgcc\*(Aq, ld => \*(Aqgcc\*(Aq }, \& ... \& ); .Ve .PP In custom build code, the same thing can be accomplished by calling the \*(L"config\*(R" in Module::Build method: .PP .Vb 4 \& $build\->config( cc => \*(Aqgcc\*(Aq ); # Set \& $build\->config( ld => \*(Aqgcc\*(Aq ); # Set \& ... \& my $linker = $build\->config(\*(Aqld\*(Aq); # Get .Ve .SS "Installing modules using the programmatic interface" .IX Subsection "Installing modules using the programmatic interface" If you need to build, test, and/or install modules from within some other perl code (as opposed to having the user type installation commands at the shell), you can use the programmatic interface. Create a Module::Build object (or an object of a custom Module::Build subclass) and then invoke its \f(CW\*(C`dispatch()\*(C'\fR method to run various actions. .PP .Vb 9 \& my $build = Module::Build\->new \& ( \& module_name => \*(AqFoo::Bar\*(Aq, \& license => \*(Aqperl\*(Aq, \& requires => { \*(AqSome::Module\*(Aq => \*(Aq1.23\*(Aq }, \& ); \& $build\->dispatch(\*(Aqbuild\*(Aq); \& $build\->dispatch(\*(Aqtest\*(Aq, verbose => 1); \& $build\->dispatch(\*(Aqinstall\*(Aq); .Ve .PP The first argument to \f(CW\*(C`dispatch()\*(C'\fR is the name of the action, and any following arguments are named parameters. .PP This is the interface we use to test Module::Build itself in the regression tests. .SS "Installing to a temporary directory" .IX Subsection "Installing to a temporary directory" To create packages for package managers like RedHat's \f(CW\*(C`rpm\*(C'\fR or Debian's \f(CW\*(C`deb\*(C'\fR, you may need to install to a temporary directory first and then create the package from that temporary installation. To do this, specify the \f(CW\*(C`destdir\*(C'\fR parameter to the \f(CW\*(C`install\*(C'\fR action: .PP .Vb 1 \& ./Build install \-\-destdir /tmp/my\-package\-1.003 .Ve .PP This essentially just prepends all the installation paths with the \&\fI/tmp/my\-package\-1.003\fR directory. .SS "Installing to a non-standard directory" .IX Subsection "Installing to a non-standard directory" To install to a non-standard directory (for example, if you don't have permission to install in the system-wide directories), you can use the \&\f(CW\*(C`install_base\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR parameters: .PP .Vb 1 \& ./Build install \-\-install_base /foo/bar .Ve .PP See \*(L"\s-1INSTALL PATHS\*(R"\s0 in Module::Build for a much more complete discussion of how installation paths are determined. .SS "Installing in the same location as ExtUtils::MakeMaker" .IX Subsection "Installing in the same location as ExtUtils::MakeMaker" With the introduction of \f(CW\*(C`\-\-prefix\*(C'\fR in Module::Build 0.28 and \&\f(CW\*(C`INSTALL_BASE\*(C'\fR in \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR 6.31 its easy to get them both to install to the same locations. .PP First, ensure you have at least version 0.28 of Module::Build installed and 6.31 of \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR. Prior versions have differing (and in some cases quite strange) installation behaviors. .PP The following installation flags are equivalent between \&\f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR. .PP .Vb 10 \& MakeMaker Module::Build \& PREFIX=... \-\-prefix ... \& INSTALL_BASE=... \-\-install_base ... \& DESTDIR=... \-\-destdir ... \& LIB=... \-\-install_path lib=... \& INSTALLDIRS=... \-\-installdirs ... \& INSTALLDIRS=perl \-\-installdirs core \& UNINST=... \-\-uninst ... \& INC=... \-\-extra_compiler_flags ... \& POLLUTE=1 \-\-extra_compiler_flags \-DPERL_POLLUTE .Ve .PP For example, if you are currently installing \f(CW\*(C`MakeMaker\*(C'\fR modules with this command: .PP .Vb 3 \& perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~ \& make test \& make install UNINST=1 .Ve .PP You can install into the same location with Module::Build using this: .PP .Vb 3 \& perl Build.PL \-\-prefix ~ \& ./Build test \& ./Build install \-\-uninst 1 .Ve .PP \fI\f(CI\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fI vs \f(CI\*(C`install_base\*(C'\fI\fR .IX Subsection "prefix vs install_base" .PP The behavior of \f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR is complicated and depends on how your Perl is configured. The resulting installation locations will vary from machine to machine and even different installations of Perl on the same machine. Because of this, it's difficult to document where \f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR will place your modules. .PP In contrast, \f(CW\*(C`install_base\*(C'\fR has predictable, easy to explain installation locations. Now that \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`MakeMaker\*(C'\fR both have \f(CW\*(C`install_base\*(C'\fR there is little reason to use \f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR other than to preserve your existing installation locations. If you are starting a fresh Perl installation we encourage you to use \&\f(CW\*(C`install_base\*(C'\fR. If you have an existing installation installed via \&\f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR, consider moving it to an installation structure matching \&\f(CW\*(C`install_base\*(C'\fR and using that instead. .SS "Running a single test file" .IX Subsection "Running a single test file" \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR supports running a single test, which enables you to track down errors more quickly. Use the following format: .PP .Vb 1 \& ./Build test \-\-test_files t/mytest.t .Ve .PP In addition, you may want to run the test in verbose mode to get more informative output: .PP .Vb 1 \& ./Build test \-\-test_files t/mytest.t \-\-verbose 1 .Ve .PP I run this so frequently that I define the following shell alias: .PP .Vb 1 \& alias t \*(Aq./Build test \-\-verbose 1 \-\-test_files\*(Aq .Ve .PP So then I can just execute \f(CW\*(C`t t/mytest.t\*(C'\fR to run a single test. .SH "ADVANCED RECIPES" .IX Header "ADVANCED RECIPES" .SS "Making a \s-1CPAN\s0.pm\-compatible distribution" .IX Subsection "Making a CPAN.pm-compatible distribution" New versions of \s-1CPAN\s0.pm understand how to use a \fIBuild.PL\fR script, but old versions don't. If authors want to help users who have old versions, some form of \fIMakefile.PL\fR should be supplied. The easiest way to accomplish this is to use the \f(CW\*(C`create_makefile_pl\*(C'\fR parameter to \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\->new()\*(C'\fR in the \f(CW\*(C`Build.PL\*(C'\fR script, which can create various flavors of \fIMakefile.PL\fR during the \f(CW\*(C`dist\*(C'\fR action. .PP As a best practice, we recommend using the \*(L"traditional\*(R" style of \&\fIMakefile.PL\fR unless your distribution has needs that can't be accomplished that way. .PP The \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build::Compat\*(C'\fR module, which is part of \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR's distribution, is responsible for creating these \&\fIMakefile.PL\fRs. Please see Module::Build::Compat for the details. .SS "Changing the order of the build process" .IX Subsection "Changing the order of the build process" The \f(CW\*(C`build_elements\*(C'\fR property specifies the steps \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR will take when building a distribution. To change the build order, change the order of the entries in that property: .PP .Vb 4 \& # Process pod files first \& my @e = @{$build\->build_elements}; \& my ($i) = grep {$e[$_] eq \*(Aqpod\*(Aq} 0..$#e; \& unshift @e, splice @e, $i, 1; .Ve .PP Currently, \f(CW\*(C`build_elements\*(C'\fR has the following default value: .PP .Vb 1 \& [qw( PL support pm xs pod script )] .Ve .PP Do take care when altering this property, since there may be non-obvious (and non-documented!) ordering dependencies in the \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR code. .SS "Adding new file types to the build process" .IX Subsection "Adding new file types to the build process" Sometimes you might have extra types of files that you want to install alongside the standard types like \fI.pm\fR and \fI.pod\fR files. For instance, you might have a \fIBar.dat\fR file containing some data related to the \f(CW\*(C`Foo::Bar\*(C'\fR module and you'd like for it to end up as \&\fIFoo/Bar.dat\fR somewhere in perl's \f(CW@INC\fR path so \f(CW\*(C`Foo::Bar\*(C'\fR can access it easily at runtime. The following code from a sample \&\f(CW\*(C`Build.PL\*(C'\fR file demonstrates how to accomplish this: .PP .Vb 8 \& use Module::Build; \& my $build = Module::Build\->new \& ( \& module_name => \*(AqFoo::Bar\*(Aq, \& ...other stuff here... \& ); \& $build\->add_build_element(\*(Aqdat\*(Aq); \& $build\->create_build_script; .Ve .PP This will find all \fI.dat\fR files in the \fIlib/\fR directory, copy them to the \fIblib/lib/\fR directory during the \f(CW\*(C`build\*(C'\fR action, and install them during the \f(CW\*(C`install\*(C'\fR action. .PP If your extra files aren't located in the \f(CW\*(C`lib/\*(C'\fR directory in your distribution, you can explicitly say where they are, just as you'd do with \fI.pm\fR or \fI.pod\fR files: .PP .Vb 9 \& use Module::Build; \& my $build = new Module::Build \& ( \& module_name => \*(AqFoo::Bar\*(Aq, \& dat_files => {\*(Aqsome/dir/Bar.dat\*(Aq => \*(Aqlib/Foo/Bar.dat\*(Aq}, \& ...other stuff here... \& ); \& $build\->add_build_element(\*(Aqdat\*(Aq); \& $build\->create_build_script; .Ve .PP If your extra files actually need to be created on the user's machine, or if they need some other kind of special processing, you'll probably want to subclass \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR and create a special method to process them, named \f(CW\*(C`process_${kind}_files()\*(C'\fR: .PP .Vb 10 \& use Module::Build; \& my $class = Module::Build\->subclass(code => <<\*(AqEOF\*(Aq); \& sub process_dat_files { \& my $self = shift; \& ... locate and process *.dat files, \& ... and create something in blib/lib/ \& } \& EOF \& my $build = $class\->new \& ( \& module_name => \*(AqFoo::Bar\*(Aq, \& ...other stuff here... \& ); \& $build\->add_build_element(\*(Aqdat\*(Aq); \& $build\->create_build_script; .Ve .PP If your extra files don't go in \fIlib/\fR but in some other place, see \&\*(L"Adding new elements to the install process\*(R" for how to actually get them installed. .PP Please note that these examples use some capabilities of Module::Build that first appeared in version 0.26. Before that it could still be done, but the simple cases took a bit more work. .SS "Adding new elements to the install process" .IX Subsection "Adding new elements to the install process" By default, Module::Build creates seven subdirectories of the \fIblib\fR directory during the build process: \fIlib\fR, \fIarch\fR, \fIbin\fR, \&\fIscript\fR, \fIbindoc\fR, \fIlibdoc\fR, and \fIhtml\fR (some of these may be missing or empty if there's nothing to go in them). Anything copied to these directories during the build will eventually be installed during the \f(CW\*(C`install\*(C'\fR action (see \*(L"\s-1INSTALL PATHS\*(R"\s0 in Module::Build. .PP If you need to create a new custom type of installable element, e.g. \f(CW\*(C`conf\*(C'\fR, then you need to tell Module::Build where things in \fIblib/conf/\fR should be installed. To do this, use the \f(CW\*(C`install_path\*(C'\fR parameter to the \f(CW\*(C`new()\*(C'\fR method: .PP .Vb 5 \& my $build = Module::Build\->new \& ( \& ...other stuff here... \& install_path => { conf => $installation_path } \& ); .Ve .PP Or you can call the \f(CW\*(C`install_path()\*(C'\fR method later: .PP .Vb 1 \& $build\->install_path(conf => $installation_path); .Ve .PP The user may also specify the path on the command line: .PP .Vb 1 \& perl Build.PL \-\-install_path conf=/foo/path/etc .Ve .PP The important part, though, is that \fIsomehow\fR the install path needs to be set, or else nothing in the \fIblib/conf/\fR directory will get installed, and a runtime error during the \f(CW\*(C`install\*(C'\fR action will result. .PP See also \*(L"Adding new file types to the build process\*(R" for how to create the stuff in \fIblib/conf/\fR in the first place. .SH "EXAMPLES ON CPAN" .IX Header "EXAMPLES ON CPAN" Several distributions on \s-1CPAN\s0 are making good use of various features of Module::Build. They can serve as real-world examples for others. .SS "SVN-Notify-Mirror" .IX Subsection "SVN-Notify-Mirror" <http://search.cpan.org/~jpeacock/SVN\-Notify\-Mirror/> .PP John Peacock, author of the \f(CW\*(C`SVN\-Notify\-Mirror\*(C'\fR distribution, says: .ie n .IP "1. Using ""auto_features"", I check to see whether two optional modules are available \- SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;" 4 .el .IP "1. Using \f(CWauto_features\fR, I check to see whether two optional modules are available \- SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;" 4 .IX Item "1. Using auto_features, I check to see whether two optional modules are available - SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "2. If the S::N::Config module is loaded, I automatically generate test files for it during Build (using the ""PL_files"" property)." 4 .el .IP "2. If the S::N::Config module is loaded, I automatically generate test files for it during Build (using the \f(CWPL_files\fR property)." 4 .IX Item "2. If the S::N::Config module is loaded, I automatically generate test files for it during Build (using the PL_files property)." .ie n .IP "3. If the ""ssh_feature"" is available, I ask if the user wishes to perform the ssh tests (since it requires a little preliminary setup);" 4 .el .IP "3. If the \f(CWssh_feature\fR is available, I ask if the user wishes to perform the ssh tests (since it requires a little preliminary setup);" 4 .IX Item "3. If the ssh_feature is available, I ask if the user wishes to perform the ssh tests (since it requires a little preliminary setup);" .ie n .IP "4. Only if the user has ""ssh_feature"" and answers yes to the testing, do I generate a test file." 4 .el .IP "4. Only if the user has \f(CWssh_feature\fR and answers yes to the testing, do I generate a test file." 4 .IX Item "4. Only if the user has ssh_feature and answers yes to the testing, do I generate a test file." .PD I'm sure I could not have handled this complexity with \s-1EU::MM,\s0 but it was very easy to do with M::B. .SS "Modifying an action" .IX Subsection "Modifying an action" Sometimes you might need an to have an action, say \f(CW\*(C`./Build install\*(C'\fR, do something unusual. For instance, you might need to change the ownership of a file or do something else peculiar to your application. .PP You can subclass \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR on the fly using the \f(CW\*(C`subclass()\*(C'\fR method and override the methods that perform the actions. You may need to read through \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build::Authoring\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build::API\*(C'\fR to find the methods you want to override. All \&\*(L"action\*(R" methods are implemented by a method called \*(L"\s-1ACTION_\*(R"\s0 followed by the action's name, so here's an example of how it would work for the \f(CW\*(C`install\*(C'\fR action: .PP .Vb 5 \& # Build.PL \& use Module::Build; \& my $class = Module::Build\->subclass( \& class => "Module::Build::Custom", \& code => <<\*(AqSUBCLASS\*(Aq ); \& \& sub ACTION_install { \& my $self = shift; \& # YOUR CODE HERE \& $self\->SUPER::ACTION_install; \& } \& SUBCLASS \& \& $class\->new( \& module_name => \*(AqYour::Module\*(Aq, \& # rest of the usual Module::Build parameters \& )\->create_build_script; .Ve .SS "Adding an action" .IX Subsection "Adding an action" You can add a new \f(CW\*(C`./Build\*(C'\fR action simply by writing the method for it in your subclass. Use \f(CW\*(C`depends_on\*(C'\fR to declare that another action must have been run before your action. .PP For example, let's say you wanted to be able to write \f(CW\*(C`./Build commit\*(C'\fR to test your code and commit it to Subversion. .PP .Vb 5 \& # Build.PL \& use Module::Build; \& my $class = Module::Build\->subclass( \& class => "Module::Build::Custom", \& code => <<\*(AqSUBCLASS\*(Aq ); \& \& sub ACTION_commit { \& my $self = shift; \& \& $self\->depends_on("test"); \& $self\->do_system(qw(svn commit)); \& } \& SUBCLASS .Ve .SS "Bundling Module::Build" .IX Subsection "Bundling Module::Build" Note: This section probably needs an update as the technology improves (see contrib/bundle.pl in the distribution). .PP Suppose you want to use some new-ish features of Module::Build, e.g. newer than the version of Module::Build your users are likely to already have installed on their systems. The first thing you should do is set \f(CW\*(C`configure_requires\*(C'\fR to your minimum version of Module::Build. See Module::Build::Authoring. .PP But not every build system honors \f(CW\*(C`configure_requires\*(C'\fR yet. Here's how you can ship a copy of Module::Build, but still use a newer installed version to take advantage of any bug fixes and upgrades. .PP First, install Module::Build into \fIYour\-Project/inc/Module\-Build\fR. \&\s-1CPAN\s0 will not index anything in the \fIinc\fR directory so this copy will not show up in \s-1CPAN\s0 searches. .PP .Vb 4 \& cd Module\-Build \& perl Build.PL \-\-install_base /path/to/Your\-Project/inc/Module\-Build \& ./Build test \& ./Build install .Ve .PP You should now have all the Module::Build .pm files in \&\fIYour\-Project/inc/Module\-Build/lib/perl5\fR. .PP Next, add this to the top of your \fIBuild.PL\fR. .PP .Vb 1 \& my $Bundled_MB = 0.30; # or whatever version it was. \& \& # Find out what version of Module::Build is installed or fail quietly. \& # This should be cross\-platform. \& my $Installed_MB = \& \`$^X \-e "eval q{require Module::Build; print Module::Build\->VERSION} or exit 1"\`; \& \& # some operating systems put a newline at the end of every print. \& chomp $Installed_MB; \& \& $Installed_MB = 0 if $?; \& \& # Use our bundled copy of Module::Build if it\*(Aqs newer than the installed. \& unshift @INC, "inc/Module\-Build/lib/perl5" if $Bundled_MB > $Installed_MB; \& \& require Module::Build; .Ve .PP And write the rest of your \fIBuild.PL\fR normally. Module::Build will remember your change to \f(CW@INC\fR and use it when you run \fI./Build\fR. .PP In the future, we hope to provide a more automated solution for this scenario; see \f(CW\*(C`inc/latest.pm\*(C'\fR in the Module::Build distribution for one indication of the direction we're moving. .SH "AUTHOR" .IX Header "AUTHOR" Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org> .SH "COPYRIGHT" .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright (c) 2001\-2008 Ken Williams. All rights reserved. .PP This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fIperl\fR\|(1), Module::Build(3), Module::Build::Authoring(3), Module::Build::API(3)
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