FM / man3

/usr/local/share/man/man3

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
App::Prove.3pm	10508	0444	edit dl rm
App::Prove::State.3pm	6005	0444	edit dl rm
App::Prove::State::Result.3pm	5619	0444	edit dl rm
App::Prove::State::Result::Test.3pm	5051	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig.3pm	35289	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::Args.3pm	7992	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::CGI.3pm	6609	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::File.3pm	12614	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::Getopt.3pm	7444	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::State.3pm	24972	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::Sys.3pm	6695	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Tar.3pm	44061	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Tar::File.3pm	11083	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip.3pm	69985	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip::FAQ.3pm	18437	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip::MemberRead.3pm	6734	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip::Tree.3pm	2875	0444	edit dl rm
B::COW.3pm	5163	0444	edit dl rm
Canary::Stability.3pm	3727	0444	edit dl rm
CDB_File.3pm	14318	0444	edit dl rm
common::sense.3pm	0	0444	edit dl rm
Compress::Raw::Bzip2.3pm	13463	0444	edit dl rm
Compress::Raw::Zlib.3pm	42082	0444	edit dl rm
Compress::Zlib.3pm	38719	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta.3pm	15923	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Converter.3pm	6594	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Feature.3pm	4322	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History.3pm	7855	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0.3pm	9973	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1.3pm	12410	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2.3pm	22224	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3.3pm	23974	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4.3pm	24565	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Merge.3pm	5285	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Prereqs.3pm	7380	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Requirements.3pm	12308	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Spec.3pm	45592	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Validator.3pm	4215	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::YAML.3pm	4230	0444	edit dl rm
Crypt::OpenSSL::Random.3pm	5634	0444	edit dl rm
Curses.3pm	37580	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI.3pm	15619	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Buttonbox.3pm	8908	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Calendar.3pm	8203	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Checkbox.3pm	6509	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Color.3pm	5903	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Common.3pm	6498	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Container.3pm	9041	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Basic.3pm	5213	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Calendar.3pm	4761	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Dirbrowser.3pm	5369	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Error.3pm	4307	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Filebrowser.3pm	6889	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Progress.3pm	5774	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Question.3pm	5277	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Status.3pm	4765	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Label.3pm	7333	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Listbox.3pm	11988	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Menubar.3pm	8110	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Notebook.3pm	9140	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::PasswordEntry.3pm	3743	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Popupmenu.3pm	7431	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Progressbar.3pm	5891	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Radiobuttonbox.3pm	4069	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Searchable.3pm	6668	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::TextEditor.3pm	14171	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::TextEntry.3pm	3623	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::TextViewer.3pm	3670	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Tutorial.3pm	8555	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Widget.3pm	25675	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Window.3pm	5084	0444	edit dl rm
Cwd.3pm	7183	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Format.3pm	7291	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Language.3pm	3809	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Language::Bulgarian.3pm	3675	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Language::Hungarian.3pm	3091	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Parse.3pm	5402	0444	edit dl rm
Digest::SHA.3pm	25759	0444	edit dl rm
Expect.3pm	60229	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::CBuilder.3pm	11923	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows.3pm	3117	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Command.3pm	5942	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Command::MM.3pm	5723	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Liblist.3pm	12679	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker.3pm	79357	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config.3pm	2587	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ.3pm	26829	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale.3pm	11168	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.3pm	8389	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Manifest.3pm	11961	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap.3pm	3459	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Mksymlists.3pm	6699	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM.3pm	2829	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_AIX.3pm	3044	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Any.3pm	31129	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_BeOS.3pm	2798	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin.3pm	3569	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Darwin.3pm	2688	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_DOS.3pm	3021	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_MacOS.3pm	2987	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_NW5.3pm	3200	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_OS2.3pm	2886	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_QNX.3pm	2942	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Unix.3pm	21419	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_UWIN.3pm	3051	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_VMS.3pm	14900	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_VOS.3pm	2926	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Win32.3pm	5919	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Win95.3pm	3276	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MY.3pm	2764	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::testlib.3pm	2690	0444	edit dl rm
File::GlobMapper.3pm	11447	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir.3pm	18212	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin.3pm	3232	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Carbon.3pm	3517	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Cocoa.3pm	3446	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Driver.3pm	3101	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::FreeDesktop.3pm	3487	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::MacOS9.3pm	3499	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Test.3pm	3534	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Unix.3pm	3638	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Windows.3pm	4891	0444	edit dl rm
File::Path.3pm	31030	0444	edit dl rm
File::Slurp.3pm	23626	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec.3pm	13784	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::AmigaOS.3pm	2826	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Cygwin.3pm	3957	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Epoc.3pm	3251	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Functions.3pm	3799	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Mac.3pm	18664	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::OS2.3pm	3118	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Unix.3pm	9837	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::VMS.3pm	6389	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Win32.3pm	6451	0444	edit dl rm
File::Temp.3pm	36799	0444	edit dl rm
File::Which.3pm	9746	0444	edit dl rm
Getopt::Long.3pm	52647	0444	edit dl rm
HDB.3pm	10947	0444	edit dl rm
HDB::CMDS.3pm	18894	0444	edit dl rm
HDB::Encode.3pm	7863	0444	edit dl rm
HDB::Object.3pm	10057	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::AsSubs.3pm	8586	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Element.3pm	70793	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Element::traverse.3pm	15984	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Form.3pm	28158	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Parse.3pm	8277	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree.3pm	9982	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree::AboutObjects.3pm	37918	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree::AboutTrees.3pm	58534	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree::Scanning.3pm	34385	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::TreeBuilder.3pm	30138	0444	edit dl rm
HTTP::Tiny.3pm	27709	0444	edit dl rm
IO::AtomicFile.3pm	5381	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Base.3pm	3506	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Bzip2.3pm	23260	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Deflate.3pm	26768	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::FAQ.3pm	26718	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Gzip.3pm	34489	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::RawDeflate.3pm	27134	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Zip.3pm	40870	0444	edit dl rm
IO::InnerFile.3pm	6035	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Lines.3pm	3783	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Pty.3pm	8579	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Scalar.3pm	10679	0444	edit dl rm
IO::ScalarArray.3pm	10528	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Stringy.3pm	4049	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Tty.3pm	8348	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Tty::Constant.3pm	10012	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate.3pm	32800	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress.3pm	30767	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Base.3pm	3518	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2.3pm	29171	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.3pm	31719	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Inflate.3pm	29915	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::RawInflate.3pm	29563	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Unzip.3pm	31279	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Wrap.3pm	10664	0444	edit dl rm
IO::WrapTie.3pm	14987	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::PP.3pm	50080	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::PP::Boolean.3pm	2667	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::Syck.3pm	8094	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::XS.3pm	89037	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::XS::Boolean.3pm	2857	0444	edit dl rm
lib::core::only.3pm	5647	0444	edit dl rm
local::lib.3pm	31390	0444	edit dl rm
LWP.3pm	28506	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Authen::Ntlm.3pm	7489	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::ConnCache.3pm	9967	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Debug.3pm	5608	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::MemberMixin.3pm	4821	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Protocol.3pm	8350	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Protocol::https.3pm	5684	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::RobotUA.3pm	9022	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Simple.3pm	9016	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::UserAgent.3pm	48156	0444	edit dl rm
lwpcook.3pm	14838	0444	edit dl rm
lwptut.3pm	32441	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build.3pm	44563	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::API.3pm	89267	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Authoring.3pm	17363	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Base.3pm	5157	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Bundling.3pm	9999	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Compat.3pm	10885	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::ConfigData.3pm	7388	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Cookbook.3pm	25946	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Notes.3pm	4690	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::aix.3pm	4472	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::cygwin.3pm	4505	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::darwin.3pm	4491	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::Default.3pm	4490	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::MacOS.3pm	5398	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::os2.3pm	4474	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::Unix.3pm	4481	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::VMS.3pm	7885	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::VOS.3pm	4477	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::Windows.3pm	4529	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::PPMMaker.3pm	4886	0444	edit dl rm
Mozilla::CA.3pm	3571	0444	edit dl rm
Net::CIDR::Lite.3pm	9562	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Cmd.3pm	11545	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Config.3pm	8100	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Domain.3pm	3835	0444	edit dl rm
Net::FTP.3pm	27341	0444	edit dl rm
Net::FTP::dataconn.3pm	3979	0444	edit dl rm
Net::HTTP.3pm	16375	0444	edit dl rm
Net::HTTP::NB.3pm	5394	0444	edit dl rm
Net::HTTPS.3pm	5438	0444	edit dl rm
Net::IP.3pm	27697	0444	edit dl rm
Net::libnetFAQ.3pm	14746	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Netrc.3pm	6729	0444	edit dl rm
Net::NNTP.3pm	23193	0444	edit dl rm
Net::POP3.3pm	12259	0444	edit dl rm
Net::SMTP.3pm	18880	0444	edit dl rm
Net::SSLeay.3pm	349350	0444	edit dl rm
Net::SSLeay::Handle.3pm	9127	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Time.3pm	4524	0444	edit dl rm
ok.3pm	2851	0444	edit dl rm
Parse::CPAN::Meta.3pm	10187	0444	edit dl rm
POD2::DE::local::lib.3pm	22879	0444	edit dl rm
POD2::PT_BR::local::lib.3pm	22762	0444	edit dl rm
Socket.3pm	34078	0444	edit dl rm
Sub::Identify.3pm	5087	0444	edit dl rm
SUPER.3pm	7394	0444	edit dl rm
Switch.3pm	19014	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Base.3pm	3401	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Base.3pm	6233	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Color.3pm	3717	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Console.3pm	2722	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession.3pm	3065	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Console::Session.3pm	2832	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::File.3pm	2693	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::File::Session.3pm	2847	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Session.3pm	3603	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Harness.3pm	21300	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Harness::Beyond.3pm	19118	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Harness::Env.3pm	5467	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Object.3pm	4497	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser.3pm	42210	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Aggregator.3pm	8023	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Grammar.3pm	8647	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator.3pm	4993	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array.3pm	3771	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process.3pm	4601	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream.3pm	3712	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory.3pm	6904	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Multiplexer.3pm	4646	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result.3pm	7512	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout.3pm	3293	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Comment.3pm	3118	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Plan.3pm	4173	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma.3pm	3073	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Test.3pm	7114	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown.3pm	2973	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Version.3pm	3154	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::YAML.3pm	3086	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::ResultFactory.3pm	5523	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler.3pm	8113	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job.3pm	4301	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner.3pm	3346	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Source.3pm	8170	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler.3pm	7559	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable.3pm	5297	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File.3pm	4567	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle.3pm	4425	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl.3pm	6262	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP.3pm	4434	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader.3pm	3995	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer.3pm	4879	0444	edit dl rm
Template.3pm	27909	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Base.3pm	8149	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Config.3pm	8687	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Constants.3pm	7815	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Context.3pm	26637	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Directive.3pm	4821	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Document.3pm	11829	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Exception.3pm	6763	0444	edit dl rm
Template::FAQ.3pm	14564	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Filters.3pm	9817	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Grammar.3pm	5039	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Iterator.3pm	11413	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual.3pm	6317	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Config.3pm	79504	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Credits.3pm	8246	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Directives.3pm	77293	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Filters.3pm	20810	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Internals.3pm	23433	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Intro.3pm	14092	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Plugins.3pm	13780	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Syntax.3pm	14549	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Variables.3pm	33110	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Views.3pm	25953	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::VMethods.3pm	28195	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Modules.3pm	9827	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Namespace::Constants.3pm	6002	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Parser.3pm	9917	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin.3pm	10937	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Assert.3pm	5446	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::CGI.3pm	6188	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Datafile.3pm	6601	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Date.3pm	9538	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Directory.3pm	11979	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Dumper.3pm	6078	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::File.3pm	13009	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Filter.3pm	12936	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Format.3pm	4895	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::HTML.3pm	7823	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Image.3pm	11950	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Iterator.3pm	5061	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Math.3pm	6623	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Pod.3pm	4784	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Procedural.3pm	5631	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Scalar.3pm	5032	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::String.3pm	17263	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Table.3pm	11145	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::URL.3pm	8080	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::View.3pm	5479	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Wrap.3pm	6433	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugins.3pm	9733	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Provider.3pm	14678	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Service.3pm	14813	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Stash.3pm	11983	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Stash::Context.3pm	7130	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Stash::XS.3pm	6644	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Test.3pm	15524	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Toolkit.3pm	9227	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tools.3pm	5001	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tools::tpage.3pm	5806	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tools::ttree.3pm	16567	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tutorial.3pm	4566	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tutorial::Datafile.3pm	19539	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tutorial::Web.3pm	34118	0444	edit dl rm
Template::View.3pm	12618	0444	edit dl rm
Template::VMethods.3pm	4688	0444	edit dl rm
Term::ReadKey.3pm	13029	0444	edit dl rm
Test2.3pm	9556	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API.3pm	30424	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Breakage.3pm	4988	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Context.3pm	17574	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Instance.3pm	12404	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Stack.3pm	6568	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event.3pm	9189	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Bail.3pm	3470	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Diag.3pm	3338	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Exception.3pm	3520	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Generic.3pm	7662	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Info.3pm	4261	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Note.3pm	3323	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Ok.3pm	4255	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Plan.3pm	3907	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Skip.3pm	3665	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Subtest.3pm	3573	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Waiting.3pm	3107	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Formatter.3pm	5208	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Formatter::TAP.3pm	9255	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub.3pm	16755	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub::Interceptor.3pm	2937	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator.3pm	2980	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub::Subtest.3pm	3803	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::IPC.3pm	3324	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::IPC::Driver.3pm	9512	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::IPC::Driver::Files.3pm	3822	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Transition.3pm	18406	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util.3pm	5123	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util::ExternalMeta.3pm	5594	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util::HashBase.3pm	7463	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util::Trace.3pm	5577	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder.3pm	26915	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::Formatter.3pm	3656	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::IO::Scalar.3pm	9740	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::Module.3pm	5567	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::Tester.3pm	11550	0444	edit dl rm
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Test::MockModule.3pm	10818	0444	edit dl rm
Test::More.3pm	43215	0444	edit dl rm
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Test::Tutorial.3pm	24261	0444	edit dl rm
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Edit: /usr/local/share/man/man3/Socket.3pm (34078B)

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.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Socket 3"
.TH Socket 3 "2016-08-11" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
"Socket" \- networking constants and support functions
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\f(CW\*(C`Socket\*(C'\fR a low-level module used by, among other things, the IO::Socket
family of modules. The following examples demonstrate some low-level uses but
a practical program would likely use the higher-level \s-1API\s0 provided by
\&\f(CW\*(C`IO::Socket\*(C'\fR or similar instead.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& use Socket qw(PF_INET SOCK_STREAM pack_sockaddr_in inet_aton);
\&
\& socket(my $socket, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
\&     or die "socket: $!";
\&
\& my $port = getservbyname "echo", "tcp";
\& connect($socket, pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton("localhost")))
\&     or die "connect: $!";
\&
\& print $socket "Hello, world!\en";
\& print <$socket>;
.Ve
.PP
See also the \*(L"\s-1EXAMPLES\*(R"\s0 section.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This module provides a variety of constants, structure manipulators and other
functions related to socket-based networking. The values and functions
provided are useful when used in conjunction with Perl core functions such as
\&\fIsocket()\fR, \fIsetsockopt()\fR and \fIbind()\fR. It also provides several other support
functions, mostly for dealing with conversions of network addresses between
human-readable and native binary forms, and for hostname resolver operations.
.PP
Some constants and functions are exported by default by this module; but for
backward-compatibility any recently-added symbols are not exported by default
and must be requested explicitly. When an import list is provided to the
\&\f(CW\*(C`use Socket\*(C'\fR line, the default exports are not automatically imported. It is
therefore best practice to always to explicitly list all the symbols required.
.PP
Also, some common socket \*(L"newline\*(R" constants are provided: the constants
\&\f(CW\*(C`CR\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`LF\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`CRLF\*(C'\fR, as well as \f(CW$CR\fR, \f(CW$LF\fR, and \f(CW$CRLF\fR, which map
to \f(CW\*(C`\e015\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\e012\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`\e015\e012\*(C'\fR. If you do not want to use the literal
characters in your programs, then use the constants provided here. They are
not exported by default, but can be imported individually, and with the
\&\f(CW\*(C`:crlf\*(C'\fR export tag:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);
\&
\& $sock\->print("GET / HTTP/1.0$CRLF");
.Ve
.PP
The entire \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR subsystem can be exported using the tag \f(CW\*(C`:addrinfo\*(C'\fR;
this exports the \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR and \fIgetnameinfo()\fR functions, and all the
\&\f(CW\*(C`AI_*\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`NI_*\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`NIx_*\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`EAI_*\*(C'\fR constants.
.SH "CONSTANTS"
.IX Header "CONSTANTS"
In each of the following groups, there may be many more constants provided
than just the ones given as examples in the section heading. If the heading
ends \f(CW\*(C`...\*(C'\fR then this means there are likely more; the exact constants
provided will depend on the \s-1OS\s0 and headers found at compile-time.
.SS "\s-1PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ..."
Protocol family constants to use as the first argument to \fIsocket()\fR or the
value of the \f(CW\*(C`SO_DOMAIN\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`SO_FAMILY\*(C'\fR socket option.
.SS "\s-1AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ..."
Address family constants used by the socket address structures, to pass to
such functions as \fIinet_pton()\fR or \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR, or are returned by such
functions as \fIsockaddr_family()\fR.
.SS "\s-1SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ..."
Socket type constants to use as the second argument to \fIsocket()\fR, or the value
of the \f(CW\*(C`SO_TYPE\*(C'\fR socket option.
.SS "\s-1SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC\s0"
.IX Subsection "SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC"
Linux-specific shortcuts to specify the \f(CW\*(C`O_NONBLOCK\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`FD_CLOEXEC\*(C'\fR flags
during a \f(CWsocket(2)\fR call.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& socket( my $sockh, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0 )
.Ve
.SS "\s-1SOL_SOCKET\s0"
.IX Subsection "SOL_SOCKET"
Socket option level constant for \fIsetsockopt()\fR and \fIgetsockopt()\fR.
.SS "\s-1SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ..."
Socket option name constants for \fIsetsockopt()\fR and \fIgetsockopt()\fR at the
\&\f(CW\*(C`SOL_SOCKET\*(C'\fR level.
.SS "\s-1IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ..."
Socket option name constants for IPv4 socket options at the \f(CW\*(C`IPPROTO_IP\*(C'\fR
level.
.SS "\s-1IP_PMTUDISC_WANT, IP_PMTUDISC_DONT, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "IP_PMTUDISC_WANT, IP_PMTUDISC_DONT, ..."
Socket option value contants for \f(CW\*(C`IP_MTU_DISCOVER\*(C'\fR socket option.
.SS "\s-1IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ..."
Socket option value constants for \f(CW\*(C`IP_TOS\*(C'\fR socket option.
.SS "\s-1MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ..."
Message flag constants for \fIsend()\fR and \fIrecv()\fR.
.SS "\s-1SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR\s0"
.IX Subsection "SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR"
Direction constants for \fIshutdown()\fR.
.SS "\s-1INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE\s0"
.IX Subsection "INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE"
Constants giving the special \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR addresses for wildcard, broadcast,
local loopback, and invalid addresses.
.PP
Normally equivalent to inet_aton('0.0.0.0'), inet_aton('255.255.255.255'),
inet_aton('localhost') and inet_aton('255.255.255.255') respectively.
.SS "\s-1IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ..."
\&\s-1IP\s0 protocol constants to use as the third argument to \fIsocket()\fR, the level
argument to \fIgetsockopt()\fR or \fIsetsockopt()\fR, or the value of the \f(CW\*(C`SO_PROTOCOL\*(C'\fR
socket option.
.SS "\s-1TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ..."
Socket option name constants for \s-1TCP\s0 socket options at the \f(CW\*(C`IPPROTO_TCP\*(C'\fR
level.
.SS "\s-1IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK\s0"
.IX Subsection "IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK"
Constants giving the special \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET6\*(C'\fR addresses for wildcard and local
loopback.
.PP
Normally equivalent to inet_pton(\s-1AF_INET6, \*(L"::\*(R"\s0) and
inet_pton(\s-1AF_INET6, \*(L"::1\*(R"\s0) respectively.
.SS "\s-1IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ...\s0"
.IX Subsection "IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ..."
Socket option name constants for IPv6 socket options at the \f(CW\*(C`IPPROTO_IPV6\*(C'\fR
level.
.SH "STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS"
.IX Header "STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS"
The following functions convert between lists of Perl values and packed binary
strings representing structures.
.ie n .SS "$family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr"
.el .SS "\f(CW$family\fP = sockaddr_family \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "$family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr"
Takes a packed socket address (as returned by \fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR,
\&\fIpack_sockaddr_un()\fR or the perl builtin functions \fIgetsockname()\fR and
\&\fIgetpeername()\fR). Returns the address family tag. This will be one of the
\&\f(CW\*(C`AF_*\*(C'\fR constants, such as \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR for a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_in\*(C'\fR addresses or
\&\f(CW\*(C`AF_UNIX\*(C'\fR for a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_un\*(C'\fR. It can be used to figure out what unpack to
use for a sockaddr of unknown type.
.ie n .SS "$sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address"
.el .SS "\f(CW$sockaddr\fP = pack_sockaddr_in \f(CW$port\fP, \f(CW$ip_address\fP"
.IX Subsection "$sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address"
Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string (as returned by
\&\fIinet_aton()\fR, or a v\-string). Returns the \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_in\*(C'\fR structure with those
arguments packed in and \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR filled in. For Internet domain sockets,
this structure is normally what you need for the arguments in \fIbind()\fR,
\&\fIconnect()\fR, and \fIsend()\fR.
.PP
An undefined \f(CW$port\fR argument is taken as zero; an undefined \f(CW$ip_address\fR is
considered a fatal error.
.ie n .SS "($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr"
.el .SS "($port, \f(CW$ip_address\fP) = unpack_sockaddr_in \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr"
Takes a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_in\*(C'\fR structure (as returned by \fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR,
\&\fIgetpeername()\fR or \fIrecv()\fR). Returns a list of two elements: the port and an
opaque string representing the \s-1IP\s0 address (you can use \fIinet_ntoa()\fR to convert
the address to the four-dotted numeric format). Will croak if the structure
does not represent an \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR address.
.PP
In scalar context will return just the \s-1IP\s0 address.
.ie n .SS "$sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address"
.el .SS "\f(CW$sockaddr\fP = sockaddr_in \f(CW$port\fP, \f(CW$ip_address\fP"
.IX Subsection "$sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address"
.ie n .SS "($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr"
.el .SS "($port, \f(CW$ip_address\fP) = sockaddr_in \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr"
A wrapper of \fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR or \fIunpack_sockaddr_in()\fR. In list context,
unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the port and \s-1IP\s0 address.
In scalar context, packs its port and \s-1IP\s0 address arguments as a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_in\*(C'\fR
and returns it.
.PP
Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
\&\fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR or \fIunpack_sockaddr_in()\fR explicitly.
.ie n .SS "$sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]"
.el .SS "\f(CW$sockaddr\fP = pack_sockaddr_in6 \f(CW$port\fP, \f(CW$ip6_address\fP, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]"
.IX Subsection "$sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]"
Takes two to four arguments, a port number, an opaque string (as returned by
\&\fIinet_pton()\fR), optionally a scope \s-1ID\s0 number, and optionally a flow label
number. Returns the \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_in6\*(C'\fR structure with those arguments packed in
and \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET6\*(C'\fR filled in. IPv6 equivalent of \fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR.
.PP
An undefined \f(CW$port\fR argument is taken as zero; an undefined \f(CW$ip6_address\fR is
considered a fatal error.
.ie n .SS "($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr"
.el .SS "($port, \f(CW$ip6_address\fP, \f(CW$scope_id\fP, \f(CW$flowinfo\fP) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr"
Takes a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_in6\*(C'\fR structure. Returns a list of four elements: the port
number, an opaque string representing the IPv6 address, the scope \s-1ID,\s0 and the
flow label. (You can use \fIinet_ntop()\fR to convert the address to the usual
string format). Will croak if the structure does not represent an \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET6\*(C'\fR
address.
.PP
In scalar context will return just the \s-1IP\s0 address.
.ie n .SS "$sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]"
.el .SS "\f(CW$sockaddr\fP = sockaddr_in6 \f(CW$port\fP, \f(CW$ip6_address\fP, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]"
.IX Subsection "$sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]"
.ie n .SS "($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr"
.el .SS "($port, \f(CW$ip6_address\fP, \f(CW$scope_id\fP, \f(CW$flowinfo\fP) = sockaddr_in6 \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr"
A wrapper of \fIpack_sockaddr_in6()\fR or \fIunpack_sockaddr_in6()\fR. In list context,
unpacks its argument according to \fIunpack_sockaddr_in6()\fR. In scalar context,
packs its arguments according to \fIpack_sockaddr_in6()\fR.
.PP
Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
\&\fIpack_sockaddr_in6()\fR or \fIunpack_sockaddr_in6()\fR explicitly.
.ie n .SS "$sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path"
.el .SS "\f(CW$sockaddr\fP = pack_sockaddr_un \f(CW$path\fP"
.IX Subsection "$sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path"
Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_un\*(C'\fR structure with that
path packed in with \f(CW\*(C`AF_UNIX\*(C'\fR filled in. For \f(CW\*(C`PF_UNIX\*(C'\fR sockets, this
structure is normally what you need for the arguments in \fIbind()\fR, \fIconnect()\fR,
and \fIsend()\fR.
.ie n .SS "($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr"
.el .SS "($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr"
Takes a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_un\*(C'\fR structure (as returned by \fIpack_sockaddr_un()\fR,
\&\fIgetpeername()\fR or \fIrecv()\fR). Returns a list of one element: the pathname. Will
croak if the structure does not represent an \f(CW\*(C`AF_UNIX\*(C'\fR address.
.ie n .SS "$sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path"
.el .SS "\f(CW$sockaddr\fP = sockaddr_un \f(CW$path\fP"
.IX Subsection "$sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path"
.ie n .SS "($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr"
.el .SS "($path) = sockaddr_un \f(CW$sockaddr\fP"
.IX Subsection "($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr"
A wrapper of \fIpack_sockaddr_un()\fR or \fIunpack_sockaddr_un()\fR. In a list context,
unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the pathname. In a
scalar context, packs its pathname as a \f(CW\*(C`sockaddr_un\*(C'\fR and returns it.
.PP
Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
\&\fIpack_sockaddr_un()\fR or \fIunpack_sockaddr_un()\fR explicitly.
.PP
These are only supported if your system has <\fIsys/un.h\fR>.
.ie n .SS "$ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface"
.el .SS "\f(CW$ip_mreq\fP = pack_ip_mreq \f(CW$multiaddr\fP, \f(CW$interface\fP"
.IX Subsection "$ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface"
Takes an IPv4 multicast address and optionally an interface address (or
\&\f(CW\*(C`INADDR_ANY\*(C'\fR). Returns the \f(CW\*(C`ip_mreq\*(C'\fR structure with those arguments packed
in. Suitable for use with the \f(CW\*(C`IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP\*(C'\fR
sockopts.
.ie n .SS "($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq"
.el .SS "($multiaddr, \f(CW$interface\fP) = unpack_ip_mreq \f(CW$ip_mreq\fP"
.IX Subsection "($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq"
Takes an \f(CW\*(C`ip_mreq\*(C'\fR structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv4
multicast address and interface address.
.ie n .SS "$ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface"
.el .SS "\f(CW$ip_mreq_source\fP = pack_ip_mreq_source \f(CW$multiaddr\fP, \f(CW$source\fP, \f(CW$interface\fP"
.IX Subsection "$ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface"
Takes an IPv4 multicast address, source address, and optionally an interface
address (or \f(CW\*(C`INADDR_ANY\*(C'\fR). Returns the \f(CW\*(C`ip_mreq_source\*(C'\fR structure with those
arguments packed in. Suitable for use with the \f(CW\*(C`IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP\*(C'\fR
and \f(CW\*(C`IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP\*(C'\fR sockopts.
.ie n .SS "($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq"
.el .SS "($multiaddr, \f(CW$source\fP, \f(CW$interface\fP) = unpack_ip_mreq_source \f(CW$ip_mreq\fP"
.IX Subsection "($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq"
Takes an \f(CW\*(C`ip_mreq_source\*(C'\fR structure. Returns a list of three elements; the
IPv4 multicast address, source address and interface address.
.ie n .SS "$ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex"
.el .SS "\f(CW$ipv6_mreq\fP = pack_ipv6_mreq \f(CW$multiaddr6\fP, \f(CW$ifindex\fP"
.IX Subsection "$ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex"
Takes an IPv6 multicast address and an interface number. Returns the
\&\f(CW\*(C`ipv6_mreq\*(C'\fR structure with those arguments packed in. Suitable for use with
the \f(CW\*(C`IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP\*(C'\fR sockopts.
.ie n .SS "($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq"
.el .SS "($multiaddr6, \f(CW$ifindex\fP) = unpack_ipv6_mreq \f(CW$ipv6_mreq\fP"
.IX Subsection "($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq"
Takes an \f(CW\*(C`ipv6_mreq\*(C'\fR structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv6
address and an interface number.
.SH "FUNCTIONS"
.IX Header "FUNCTIONS"
.ie n .SS "$ip_address = inet_aton $string"
.el .SS "\f(CW$ip_address\fP = inet_aton \f(CW$string\fP"
.IX Subsection "$ip_address = inet_aton $string"
Takes a string giving the name of a host, or a textual representation of an \s-1IP\s0
address and translates that to an packed binary address structure suitable to
pass to \fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR. If passed a hostname that cannot be resolved,
returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR. For multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
the first address found is returned.
.PP
For portability do not assume that the result of \fIinet_aton()\fR is 32 bits wide,
in other words, that it would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.
.PP
This IPv4\-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
code should use \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR or \fIinet_pton()\fR instead for IPv6 support.
.ie n .SS "$string = inet_ntoa $ip_address"
.el .SS "\f(CW$string\fP = inet_ntoa \f(CW$ip_address\fP"
.IX Subsection "$string = inet_ntoa $ip_address"
Takes a packed binary address structure such as returned by
\&\fIunpack_sockaddr_in()\fR (or a v\-string representing the four octets of the IPv4
address in network order) and translates it into a string of the form
\&\f(CW\*(C`d.d.d.d\*(C'\fR where the \f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fRs are numbers less than 256 (the normal
human-readable four dotted number notation for Internet addresses).
.PP
This IPv4\-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
code should use \fIgetnameinfo()\fR or \fIinet_ntop()\fR instead for IPv6 support.
.ie n .SS "$address = inet_pton $family, $string"
.el .SS "\f(CW$address\fP = inet_pton \f(CW$family\fP, \f(CW$string\fP"
.IX Subsection "$address = inet_pton $family, $string"
Takes an address family (such as \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET6\*(C'\fR) and a string
containing a textual representation of an address in that family and
translates that to an packed binary address structure.
.PP
See also \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR for a more powerful and flexible function to look up
socket addresses given hostnames or textual addresses.
.ie n .SS "$string = inet_ntop $family, $address"
.el .SS "\f(CW$string\fP = inet_ntop \f(CW$family\fP, \f(CW$address\fP"
.IX Subsection "$string = inet_ntop $family, $address"
Takes an address family and a packed binary address structure and translates
it into a human-readable textual representation of the address; typically in
\&\f(CW\*(C`d.d.d.d\*(C'\fR form for \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`hhhh:hhhh::hhhh\*(C'\fR form for \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET6\*(C'\fR.
.PP
See also \fIgetnameinfo()\fR for a more powerful and flexible function to turn
socket addresses into human-readable textual representations.
.ie n .SS "($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]"
.el .SS "($err, \f(CW@result\fP) = getaddrinfo \f(CW$host\fP, \f(CW$service\fP, [$hints]"
.IX Subsection "($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]"
Given both a hostname and service name, this function attempts to resolve the
host name into a list of network addresses, and the service name into a
protocol and port number, and then returns a list of address structures
suitable to \fIconnect()\fR to it.
.PP
Given just a host name, this function attempts to resolve it to a list of
network addresses, and then returns a list of address structures giving these
addresses.
.PP
Given just a service name, this function attempts to resolve it to a protocol
and port number, and then returns a list of address structures that represent
it suitable to \fIbind()\fR to. This use should be combined with the \f(CW\*(C`AI_PASSIVE\*(C'\fR
flag; see below.
.PP
Given neither name, it generates an error.
.PP
If present, \f(CW$hints\fR should be a reference to a hash, where the following keys
are recognised:
.IP "flags => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "flags => INT"
A bitfield containing \f(CW\*(C`AI_*\*(C'\fR constants; see below.
.IP "family => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "family => INT"
Restrict to only generating addresses in this address family
.IP "socktype => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "socktype => INT"
Restrict to only generating addresses of this socket type
.IP "protocol => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "protocol => INT"
Restrict to only generating addresses for this protocol
.PP
The return value will be a list; the first value being an error indication,
followed by a list of address structures (if no error occurred).
.PP
The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the \f(CW\*(C`EAI_*\*(C'\fR error constants,
or printable as a human-readable error message string. If no error occurred it
will be zero numerically and an empty string.
.PP
Each value in the results list will be a hash reference containing the following
fields:
.IP "family => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "family => INT"
The address family (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`AF_INET\*(C'\fR)
.IP "socktype => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "socktype => INT"
The socket type (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`SOCK_STREAM\*(C'\fR)
.IP "protocol => \s-1INT\s0" 4
.IX Item "protocol => INT"
The protocol (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`IPPROTO_TCP\*(C'\fR)
.IP "addr => \s-1STRING\s0" 4
.IX Item "addr => STRING"
The address in a packed string (such as would be returned by
\&\fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR)
.IP "canonname => \s-1STRING\s0" 4
.IX Item "canonname => STRING"
The canonical name for the host if the \f(CW\*(C`AI_CANONNAME\*(C'\fR flag was provided, or
\&\f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR otherwise. This field will only be present on the first returned
address.
.PP
The following flag constants are recognised in the \f(CW$hints\fR hash. Other flag
constants may exist as provided by the \s-1OS.\s0
.IP "\s-1AI_PASSIVE\s0" 4
.IX Item "AI_PASSIVE"
Indicates that this resolution is for a local \fIbind()\fR for a passive (i.e.
listening) socket, rather than an active (i.e. connecting) socket.
.IP "\s-1AI_CANONNAME\s0" 4
.IX Item "AI_CANONNAME"
Indicates that the caller wishes the canonical hostname (\f(CW\*(C`canonname\*(C'\fR) field
of the result to be filled in.
.IP "\s-1AI_NUMERICHOST\s0" 4
.IX Item "AI_NUMERICHOST"
Indicates that the caller will pass a numeric address, rather than a hostname,
and that \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR must not perform a resolve operation on this name. This
flag will prevent a possibly-slow network lookup operation, and instead return
an error if a hostname is passed.
.ie n .SS "($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]"
.el .SS "($err, \f(CW$hostname\fP, \f(CW$servicename\fP) = getnameinfo \f(CW$sockaddr\fP, [$flags, [$xflags]]"
.IX Subsection "($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]"
Given a packed socket address (such as from \fIgetsockname()\fR, \fIgetpeername()\fR, or
returned by \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR in a \f(CW\*(C`addr\*(C'\fR field), returns the hostname and
symbolic service name it represents. \f(CW$flags\fR may be a bitmask of \f(CW\*(C`NI_*\*(C'\fR
constants, or defaults to 0 if unspecified.
.PP
The return value will be a list; the first value being an error condition,
followed by the hostname and service name.
.PP
The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the \f(CW\*(C`EAI_*\*(C'\fR error constants,
or printable as a human-readable error message string. The host and service
names will be plain strings.
.PP
The following flag constants are recognised as \f(CW$flags\fR. Other flag constants may
exist as provided by the \s-1OS.\s0
.IP "\s-1NI_NUMERICHOST\s0" 4
.IX Item "NI_NUMERICHOST"
Requests that a human-readable string representation of the numeric address be
returned directly, rather than performing a name resolve operation that may
convert it into a hostname. This will also avoid potentially-blocking network
\&\s-1IO.\s0
.IP "\s-1NI_NUMERICSERV\s0" 4
.IX Item "NI_NUMERICSERV"
Requests that the port number be returned directly as a number representation
rather than performing a name resolve operation that may convert it into a
service name.
.IP "\s-1NI_NAMEREQD\s0" 4
.IX Item "NI_NAMEREQD"
If a name resolve operation fails to provide a name, then this flag will cause
\&\fIgetnameinfo()\fR to indicate an error, rather than returning the numeric
representation as a human-readable string.
.IP "\s-1NI_DGRAM\s0" 4
.IX Item "NI_DGRAM"
Indicates that the socket address relates to a \f(CW\*(C`SOCK_DGRAM\*(C'\fR socket, for the
services whose name differs between \s-1TCP\s0 and \s-1UDP\s0 protocols.
.PP
The following constants may be supplied as \f(CW$xflags\fR.
.IP "NIx_NOHOST" 4
.IX Item "NIx_NOHOST"
Indicates that the caller is not interested in the hostname of the result, so
it does not have to be converted. \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR will be returned as the hostname.
.IP "NIx_NOSERV" 4
.IX Item "NIx_NOSERV"
Indicates that the caller is not interested in the service name of the result,
so it does not have to be converted. \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR will be returned as the service
name.
.SH "\fIgetaddrinfo()\fP / \fIgetnameinfo()\fP ERROR CONSTANTS"
.IX Header "getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS"
The following constants may be returned by \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR or \fIgetnameinfo()\fR.
Others may be provided by the \s-1OS.\s0
.IP "\s-1EAI_AGAIN\s0" 4
.IX Item "EAI_AGAIN"
A temporary failure occurred during name resolution. The operation may be
successful if it is retried later.
.IP "\s-1EAI_BADFLAGS\s0" 4
.IX Item "EAI_BADFLAGS"
The value of the \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR hint to \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR, or the \f(CW$flags\fR parameter to
\&\fIgetnameinfo()\fR contains unrecognised flags.
.IP "\s-1EAI_FAMILY\s0" 4
.IX Item "EAI_FAMILY"
The \f(CW\*(C`family\*(C'\fR hint to \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR, or the family of the socket address
passed to \fIgetnameinfo()\fR is not supported.
.IP "\s-1EAI_NODATA\s0" 4
.IX Item "EAI_NODATA"
The host name supplied to \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR did not provide any usable address
data.
.IP "\s-1EAI_NONAME\s0" 4
.IX Item "EAI_NONAME"
The host name supplied to \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR does not exist, or the address
supplied to \fIgetnameinfo()\fR is not associated with a host name and the
\&\f(CW\*(C`NI_NAMEREQD\*(C'\fR flag was supplied.
.IP "\s-1EAI_SERVICE\s0" 4
.IX Item "EAI_SERVICE"
The service name supplied to \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR is not available for the socket
type given in the \f(CW$hints\fR.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
.SS "Lookup for \fIconnect()\fP"
.IX Subsection "Lookup for connect()"
The \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR function converts a hostname and a service name into a list
of structures, each containing a potential way to \fIconnect()\fR to the named
service on the named host.
.PP
.Vb 2
\& use IO::Socket;
\& use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM getaddrinfo);
\&
\& my %hints = (socktype => SOCK_STREAM);
\& my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo("localhost", "echo", \e%hints);
\& die "Cannot getaddrinfo \- $err" if $err;
\&
\& my $sock;
\&
\& foreach my $ai (@res) {
\&     my $candidate = IO::Socket\->new();
\&
\&     $candidate\->socket($ai\->{family}, $ai\->{socktype}, $ai\->{protocol})
\&         or next;
\&
\&     $candidate\->connect($ai\->{addr})
\&         or next;
\&
\&     $sock = $candidate;
\&     last;
\& }
\&
\& die "Cannot connect to localhost:echo" unless $sock;
\&
\& $sock\->print("Hello, world!\en");
\& print <$sock>;
.Ve
.PP
Because a list of potential candidates is returned, the \f(CW\*(C`while\*(C'\fR loop tries
each in turn until it finds one that succeeds both the \fIsocket()\fR and \fIconnect()\fR
calls.
.PP
This function performs the work of the legacy functions \fIgethostbyname()\fR,
\&\fIgetservbyname()\fR, \fIinet_aton()\fR and \fIpack_sockaddr_in()\fR.
.PP
In practice this logic is better performed by IO::Socket::IP.
.SS "Making a human-readable string out of an address"
.IX Subsection "Making a human-readable string out of an address"
The \fIgetnameinfo()\fR function converts a socket address, such as returned by
\&\fIgetsockname()\fR or \fIgetpeername()\fR, into a pair of human-readable strings
representing the address and service name.
.PP
.Vb 2
\& use IO::Socket::IP;
\& use Socket qw(getnameinfo);
\&
\& my $server = IO::Socket::IP\->new(LocalPort => 12345, Listen => 1) or
\&     die "Cannot listen \- $@";
\&
\& my $socket = $server\->accept or die "accept: $!";
\&
\& my ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo($socket\->peername);
\& die "Cannot getnameinfo \- $err" if $err;
\&
\& print "The peer is connected from $hostname\en";
.Ve
.PP
Since in this example only the hostname was used, the redundant conversion of
the port number into a service name may be omitted by passing the
\&\f(CW\*(C`NIx_NOSERV\*(C'\fR flag.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& use Socket qw(getnameinfo NIx_NOSERV);
\&
\& my ($err, $hostname) = getnameinfo($socket\->peername, 0, NIx_NOSERV);
.Ve
.PP
This function performs the work of the legacy functions \fIunpack_sockaddr_in()\fR,
\&\fIinet_ntoa()\fR, \fIgethostbyaddr()\fR and \fIgetservbyport()\fR.
.PP
In practice this logic is better performed by IO::Socket::IP.
.SS "Resolving hostnames into \s-1IP\s0 addresses"
.IX Subsection "Resolving hostnames into IP addresses"
To turn a hostname into a human-readable plain \s-1IP\s0 address use \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR
to turn the hostname into a list of socket structures, then \fIgetnameinfo()\fR on
each one to make it a readable \s-1IP\s0 address again.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& use Socket qw(:addrinfo SOCK_RAW);
\&
\& my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo($hostname, "", {socktype => SOCK_RAW});
\& die "Cannot getaddrinfo \- $err" if $err;
\&
\& while( my $ai = shift @res ) {
\&     my ($err, $ipaddr) = getnameinfo($ai\->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV);
\&     die "Cannot getnameinfo \- $err" if $err;
\&
\&     print "$ipaddr\en";
\& }
.Ve
.PP
The \f(CW\*(C`socktype\*(C'\fR hint to \fIgetaddrinfo()\fR filters the results to only include one
socket type and protocol. Without this most OSes return three combinations,
for \f(CW\*(C`SOCK_STREAM\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`SOCK_DGRAM\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SOCK_RAW\*(C'\fR, resulting in triplicate
output of addresses. The \f(CW\*(C`NI_NUMERICHOST\*(C'\fR flag to \fIgetnameinfo()\fR causes it to
return a string-formatted plain \s-1IP\s0 address, rather than reverse resolving it
back into a hostname.
.PP
This combination performs the work of the legacy functions \fIgethostbyname()\fR
and \fIinet_ntoa()\fR.
.SS "Accessing socket options"
.IX Subsection "Accessing socket options"
The many \f(CW\*(C`SO_*\*(C'\fR and other constants provide the socket option names for
\&\fIgetsockopt()\fR and \fIsetsockopt()\fR.
.PP
.Vb 2
\& use IO::Socket::INET;
\& use Socket qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_RCVBUF IPPROTO_IP IP_TTL);
\&
\& my $socket = IO::Socket::INET\->new(LocalPort => 0, Proto => \*(Aqudp\*(Aq)
\&     or die "Cannot create socket: $@";
\&
\& $socket\->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 64*1024) or
\&     die "setsockopt: $!";
\&
\& print "Receive buffer is ", $socket\->getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF),
\&     " bytes\en";
\&
\& print "IP TTL is ", $socket\->getsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL), "\en";
.Ve
.PP
As a convenience, IO::Socket's \fIsetsockopt()\fR method will convert a number
into a packed byte buffer, and \fIgetsockopt()\fR will unpack a byte buffer of the
correct size back into a number.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
This module was originally maintained in Perl core by the Perl 5 Porters.
.PP
It was extracted to dual-life on \s-1CPAN\s0 at version 1.95 by
Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>

cmd: