/
usr
/
local
/
share
/
man
/
man3
/
/usr/local/share/man/man3
mkdir
upload
Name
Size
Mode
Actions
App::Prove.3pm
10508
0444
edit
dl
rm
App::Prove::State.3pm
6005
0444
edit
dl
rm
App::Prove::State::Result.3pm
5619
0444
edit
dl
rm
App::Prove::State::Result::Test.3pm
5051
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig.3pm
35289
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::Args.3pm
7992
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::CGI.3pm
6609
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::File.3pm
12614
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::Getopt.3pm
7444
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::State.3pm
24972
0444
edit
dl
rm
AppConfig::Sys.3pm
6695
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Tar.3pm
44061
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Tar::File.3pm
11083
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip.3pm
69985
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip::FAQ.3pm
18437
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip::MemberRead.3pm
6734
0444
edit
dl
rm
Archive::Zip::Tree.3pm
2875
0444
edit
dl
rm
B::COW.3pm
5163
0444
edit
dl
rm
Canary::Stability.3pm
3727
0444
edit
dl
rm
CDB_File.3pm
14318
0444
edit
dl
rm
common::sense.3pm
0
0444
edit
dl
rm
Compress::Raw::Bzip2.3pm
13463
0444
edit
dl
rm
Compress::Raw::Zlib.3pm
42082
0444
edit
dl
rm
Compress::Zlib.3pm
38719
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta.3pm
15923
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta::Converter.3pm
6594
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta::Feature.3pm
4322
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History.3pm
7855
0444
edit
dl
rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0.3pm
9973
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1.3pm
12410
0444
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dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2.3pm
22224
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3.3pm
23974
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4.3pm
24565
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Merge.3pm
5285
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Prereqs.3pm
7380
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Requirements.3pm
12308
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Spec.3pm
45592
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::Validator.3pm
4215
0444
edit
dl
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CPAN::Meta::YAML.3pm
4230
0444
edit
dl
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Crypt::OpenSSL::Random.3pm
5634
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses.3pm
37580
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI.3pm
15619
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Buttonbox.3pm
8908
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Calendar.3pm
8203
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Checkbox.3pm
6509
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Color.3pm
5903
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Common.3pm
6498
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Container.3pm
9041
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Basic.3pm
5213
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Calendar.3pm
4761
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Dirbrowser.3pm
5369
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Error.3pm
4307
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Filebrowser.3pm
6889
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Progress.3pm
5774
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Question.3pm
5277
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Dialog::Status.3pm
4765
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Label.3pm
7333
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Listbox.3pm
11988
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Menubar.3pm
8110
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Notebook.3pm
9140
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::PasswordEntry.3pm
3743
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Popupmenu.3pm
7431
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Progressbar.3pm
5891
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Radiobuttonbox.3pm
4069
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Searchable.3pm
6668
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::TextEditor.3pm
14171
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::TextEntry.3pm
3623
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::TextViewer.3pm
3670
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Tutorial.3pm
8555
0444
edit
dl
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Curses::UI::Widget.3pm
25675
0444
edit
dl
rm
Curses::UI::Window.3pm
5084
0444
edit
dl
rm
Cwd.3pm
7183
0444
edit
dl
rm
Date::Format.3pm
7291
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Language.3pm
3809
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Language::Bulgarian.3pm
3675
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Language::Hungarian.3pm
3091
0444
edit
dl
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Date::Parse.3pm
5402
0444
edit
dl
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Digest::SHA.3pm
25759
0444
edit
dl
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Expect.3pm
60229
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::CBuilder.3pm
11923
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows.3pm
3117
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Command.3pm
5942
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Command::MM.3pm
5723
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Liblist.3pm
12679
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker.3pm
79357
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config.3pm
2587
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ.3pm
26829
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale.3pm
11168
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.3pm
8389
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Manifest.3pm
11961
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap.3pm
3459
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::Mksymlists.3pm
6699
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM.3pm
2829
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_AIX.3pm
3044
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Any.3pm
31129
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_BeOS.3pm
2798
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin.3pm
3569
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::MM_Darwin.3pm
2688
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::MM_DOS.3pm
3021
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_MacOS.3pm
2987
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_NW5.3pm
3200
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_OS2.3pm
2886
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_QNX.3pm
2942
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Unix.3pm
21419
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_UWIN.3pm
3051
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_VMS.3pm
14900
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_VOS.3pm
2926
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Win32.3pm
5919
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MM_Win95.3pm
3276
0444
edit
dl
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ExtUtils::MY.3pm
2764
0444
edit
dl
rm
ExtUtils::testlib.3pm
2690
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::GlobMapper.3pm
11447
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir.3pm
18212
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin.3pm
3232
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Carbon.3pm
3517
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Cocoa.3pm
3446
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Driver.3pm
3101
0444
edit
dl
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File::HomeDir::FreeDesktop.3pm
3487
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::MacOS9.3pm
3499
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Test.3pm
3534
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Unix.3pm
3638
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::HomeDir::Windows.3pm
4891
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Path.3pm
31030
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Slurp.3pm
23626
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec.3pm
13784
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::AmigaOS.3pm
2826
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Cygwin.3pm
3957
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Epoc.3pm
3251
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Functions.3pm
3799
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Mac.3pm
18664
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::OS2.3pm
3118
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Unix.3pm
9837
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::VMS.3pm
6389
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Spec::Win32.3pm
6451
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Temp.3pm
36799
0444
edit
dl
rm
File::Which.3pm
9746
0444
edit
dl
rm
Getopt::Long.3pm
52647
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB.3pm
10947
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB::CMDS.3pm
18894
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB::Encode.3pm
7863
0444
edit
dl
rm
HDB::Object.3pm
10057
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::AsSubs.3pm
8586
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Element.3pm
70793
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Element::traverse.3pm
15984
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Form.3pm
28158
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Parse.3pm
8277
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree.3pm
9982
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree::AboutObjects.3pm
37918
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree::AboutTrees.3pm
58534
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::Tree::Scanning.3pm
34385
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTML::TreeBuilder.3pm
30138
0444
edit
dl
rm
HTTP::Tiny.3pm
27709
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::AtomicFile.3pm
5381
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Base.3pm
3506
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Bzip2.3pm
23260
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Deflate.3pm
26768
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::FAQ.3pm
26718
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Gzip.3pm
34489
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::RawDeflate.3pm
27134
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Compress::Zip.3pm
40870
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::InnerFile.3pm
6035
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Lines.3pm
3783
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Pty.3pm
8579
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Scalar.3pm
10679
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::ScalarArray.3pm
10528
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Stringy.3pm
4049
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Tty.3pm
8348
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Tty::Constant.3pm
10012
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate.3pm
32800
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress.3pm
30767
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Base.3pm
3518
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2.3pm
29171
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.3pm
31719
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::Inflate.3pm
29915
0444
edit
dl
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IO::Uncompress::RawInflate.3pm
29563
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Uncompress::Unzip.3pm
31279
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::Wrap.3pm
10664
0444
edit
dl
rm
IO::WrapTie.3pm
14987
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::PP.3pm
50080
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::PP::Boolean.3pm
2667
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::Syck.3pm
8094
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::XS.3pm
89037
0444
edit
dl
rm
JSON::XS::Boolean.3pm
2857
0444
edit
dl
rm
lib::core::only.3pm
5647
0444
edit
dl
rm
local::lib.3pm
31390
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP.3pm
28506
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Authen::Ntlm.3pm
7489
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::ConnCache.3pm
9967
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Debug.3pm
5608
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::MemberMixin.3pm
4821
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Protocol.3pm
8350
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Protocol::https.3pm
5684
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::RobotUA.3pm
9022
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::Simple.3pm
9016
0444
edit
dl
rm
LWP::UserAgent.3pm
48156
0444
edit
dl
rm
lwpcook.3pm
14838
0444
edit
dl
rm
lwptut.3pm
32441
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build.3pm
44563
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::API.3pm
89267
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Authoring.3pm
17363
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Base.3pm
5157
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Bundling.3pm
9999
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Compat.3pm
10885
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::ConfigData.3pm
7388
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Cookbook.3pm
25946
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Notes.3pm
4690
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::aix.3pm
4472
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::cygwin.3pm
4505
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::darwin.3pm
4491
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::Default.3pm
4490
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::MacOS.3pm
5398
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::os2.3pm
4474
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Platform::Unix.3pm
4481
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::VMS.3pm
7885
0444
edit
dl
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Module::Build::Platform::VOS.3pm
4477
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::Platform::Windows.3pm
4529
0444
edit
dl
rm
Module::Build::PPMMaker.3pm
4886
0444
edit
dl
rm
Mozilla::CA.3pm
3571
0444
edit
dl
rm
Net::CIDR::Lite.3pm
9562
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Cmd.3pm
11545
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Config.3pm
8100
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Domain.3pm
3835
0444
edit
dl
rm
Net::FTP.3pm
27341
0444
edit
dl
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Net::FTP::dataconn.3pm
3979
0444
edit
dl
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Net::HTTP.3pm
16375
0444
edit
dl
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Net::HTTP::NB.3pm
5394
0444
edit
dl
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Net::HTTPS.3pm
5438
0444
edit
dl
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Net::IP.3pm
27697
0444
edit
dl
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Net::libnetFAQ.3pm
14746
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Netrc.3pm
6729
0444
edit
dl
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Net::NNTP.3pm
23193
0444
edit
dl
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Net::POP3.3pm
12259
0444
edit
dl
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Net::SMTP.3pm
18880
0444
edit
dl
rm
Net::SSLeay.3pm
349350
0444
edit
dl
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Net::SSLeay::Handle.3pm
9127
0444
edit
dl
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Net::Time.3pm
4524
0444
edit
dl
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ok.3pm
2851
0444
edit
dl
rm
Parse::CPAN::Meta.3pm
10187
0444
edit
dl
rm
POD2::DE::local::lib.3pm
22879
0444
edit
dl
rm
POD2::PT_BR::local::lib.3pm
22762
0444
edit
dl
rm
Socket.3pm
34078
0444
edit
dl
rm
Sub::Identify.3pm
5087
0444
edit
dl
rm
SUPER.3pm
7394
0444
edit
dl
rm
Switch.3pm
19014
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Base.3pm
3401
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Formatter::Base.3pm
6233
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Formatter::Color.3pm
3717
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Console.3pm
2722
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession.3pm
3065
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Console::Session.3pm
2832
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::File.3pm
2693
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::File::Session.3pm
2847
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Formatter::Session.3pm
3603
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Harness.3pm
21300
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Harness::Beyond.3pm
19118
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Harness::Env.3pm
5467
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Object.3pm
4497
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser.3pm
42210
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Aggregator.3pm
8023
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Grammar.3pm
8647
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator.3pm
4993
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array.3pm
3771
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process.3pm
4601
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream.3pm
3712
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory.3pm
6904
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Multiplexer.3pm
4646
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Result.3pm
7512
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout.3pm
3293
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Comment.3pm
3118
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Plan.3pm
4173
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma.3pm
3073
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Test.3pm
7114
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown.3pm
2973
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Version.3pm
3154
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Result::YAML.3pm
3086
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::ResultFactory.3pm
5523
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Scheduler.3pm
8113
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job.3pm
4301
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner.3pm
3346
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::Source.3pm
8170
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::SourceHandler.3pm
7559
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable.3pm
5297
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File.3pm
4567
0444
edit
dl
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TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle.3pm
4425
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl.3pm
6262
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP.3pm
4434
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader.3pm
3995
0444
edit
dl
rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer.3pm
4879
0444
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Edit:
/usr/local/share/man/man3/Template::Manual::Views.3pm
(25953B)
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.27 (Pod::Simple 3.28) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. 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Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{ . if \nF \{ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] \fP .\} .if t \{\ . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds / .\} .if t \{\ . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E . \" corrections for vroff .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "Template::Manual::Views 3" .TH Template::Manual::Views 3 "2014-04-23" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" Template::Manual::Views \- Template Toolkit views (experimental) .SH "Overview" .IX Header "Overview" A view is effectively a collection of templates and/or variable definitions which can be passed around as a self-contained unit. This then represents a particular interface or presentation style for other objects or items of data. .PP You can use views to implement custom \*(L"skins\*(R" for an application or content set. You can use them to help simplify the presentation of common objects or data types. You can even use then to automate the presentation of complex data structures such as that generated in an \&\f(CW\*(C`XML::DOM\*(C'\fR tree or similar. You let an iterator do the walking, and the view does the talking (or in this case, the presenting). Voila \- you have view independent, structure shy traversal using templates. .PP In general, views can be used in a number of different ways to achieve several different things. They elegantly solve some problems which were otherwise difficult or complicated, and make easy some things that were previously hard. .PP At the moment, they're still very experimental. The directive syntax and underlying \s-1API\s0 are likely to change quite considerably over the next version or two. Please be very wary about building your multi-million dollar e\-commerce solutions based around this feature. .SH "Views as Template Collectors/Providers" .IX Header "Views as Template Collectors/Providers" The \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR directive starts a view definition and includes a name by which the view can be referenced. The view definition continues up to the matching \f(CW\*(C`END\*(C'\fR directive. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% VIEW myview %] \& ... \& [% END %] .Ve .PP The first role of a view is to act as a collector and provider of templates. The \f(CW\*(C`include()\*(C'\fR method can be called on a view to effectively do the same thing as the \f(CW\*(C`INCLUDE\*(C'\fR directive. The template name is passed as the first argument, followed by any local variable definitions for the template. .PP .Vb 1 \& [% myview.include(\*(Aqheader\*(Aq, title=\*(AqThe Title\*(Aq) %] \& \& # equivalent to \& [% INCLUDE header title=\*(AqThe Title\*(Aq %] .Ve .PP Views accept a number of configuration options which can be used to control different aspects of their behaviour. The '\f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR' and '\f(CW\*(C`suffix\*(C'\fR' options can be specified to add a fixed prefix and/or suffix to the name of each template. .PP .Vb 5 \& [% VIEW myview \& prefix = \*(Aqmy/\*(Aq \& suffix = \*(Aq.tt2\*(Aq ; \& END \& %] .Ve .PP Now the call .PP .Vb 1 \& [% myview.include(\*(Aqheader\*(Aq, title=\*(AqThe Title\*(Aq) %] .Ve .PP is equivalent to .PP .Vb 1 \& [% INCLUDE my/header.tt2 title=\*(AqThe Title\*(Aq %] .Ve .PP Views provide an \f(CW\*(C`AUTOLOAD\*(C'\fR method which maps method names to the \&\f(CW\*(C`include()\*(C'\fR method. Thus, the following are all equivalent: .PP .Vb 3 \& [% myview.include(\*(Aqheader\*(Aq, title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq) %] \& [% myview.include_header(title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq) %] \& [% myview.header(title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq) %] .Ve .SH "Local BLOCK Definitions" .IX Header "Local BLOCK Definitions" A \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR definition can include \f(CW\*(C`BLOCK\*(C'\fR definitions which remain local to the view. A request for a particular template will return a \f(CW\*(C`BLOCK\*(C'\fR, if defined, in preference to any other template of the same name. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& public foo block \& [% END %] \& \& [% VIEW plain %] \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& plain foo block \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% VIEW fancy %] \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& fancy foo block \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% INCLUDE foo %] # public foo block \& [% plain.foo %] # plain foo block \& [% fancy.foo %] # fancy foo block .Ve .PP In addition to \f(CW\*(C`BLOCK\*(C'\fR definitions, a \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR can contain any other template directives. The entire \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR definition block is processed to initialise the view but no output is generated (this may change \s-1RSN \-\s0 and get stored as '\f(CW\*(C`output\*(C'\fR' item, subsequently accessible as \f(CW\*(C`[% view.output %]\*(C'\fR). However, directives that have side-effects, such as those that update a variable, will have noticeable consequences. .SH "Preserving Variable State within Views" .IX Header "Preserving Variable State within Views" Views can also be used to save the values of any existing variables, or to create new ones at the point at which the view is defined. Unlike simple template metadata (\f(CW\*(C`META\*(C'\fR) which can only contain static string values, the view initialisation block can contain any template directives and generate any kind of dynamic output and/or data items. .PP .Vb 5 \& [% VIEW my_web_site %] \& [% view.title = title or \*(AqMy Cool Web Site\*(Aq %] \& [% view.author = "$abw.name, $abw.email" %] \& [% view.sidebar = INCLUDE my/sidebar.tt2 %] \& [% END %] .Ve .PP Note that additional data items can be specified as arguments to the \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR directive. Anything that doesn't look like a configuration parameter is assumed to be a data item. This can be a little hazardous, of course, because you never know when a new configuration item might get added which interferes with your data. .PP .Vb 10 \& [% VIEW my_web_site \& # config options \& prefix = \*(Aqmy/\*(Aq \& # misc data \& title = title or \*(AqMy Cool Web Site\*(Aq \& author = "$abw.name, $abw.email" \& sidebar = INCLUDE my/sidebar.tt2 \& %] \& ... \& [% END %] .Ve .PP Outside of the view definition you can access the view variables as, for example: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% my_web_site.title %] .Ve .PP One important feature is the equivalence of simple variables and templates. You can implement the view item '\f(CW\*(C`title\*(C'\fR' as a simple variable, a template defined in an external file, possibly with a prefix/suffix automatically appended, or as a local \f(CW\*(C`BLOCK\*(C'\fR definition within the \f(CW\*(C`[% VIEW %] ... [% END %]\*(C'\fR definition. If you use the syntax above then the view will Do The Right Thing to return the appropriate output. .PP At the \f(CW\*(C`END\*(C'\fR of the \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR definition the view is \*(L"sealed\*(R" to prevent you from accidentally updating any variable values. If you attempt to change the value of a variable after the \f(CW\*(C`END\*(C'\fR of the \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR definition block then a \f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR error will be thrown. .PP .Vb 6 \& [% TRY; \& my_web_site.title = \*(AqNew Title\*(Aq; \& CATCH; \& error; \& END \& %] .Ve .PP The error above will be reported as: .PP .Vb 1 \& view error \- cannot update item in sealed view: title .Ve .PP The same is true if you pass a parameter to a view variable. This is interpreted as an attempt to update the variable and will raise the same warning. .PP .Vb 1 \& [% my_web_site.title(\*(AqNew Title\*(Aq) %] # view error! .Ve .PP You can set the \f(CW\*(C`silent\*(C'\fR parameter to have the view ignore these parameters and simply return the variable value. .PP .Vb 6 \& [% VIEW my_web_site \& silent = 1 \& title = title or \*(AqMy Cool Web Site\*(Aq \& # ... ; \& END \& %] \& \& [% my_web_site.title(\*(AqBlah Blah\*(Aq) %] # My Cool Web Site .Ve .PP Alternately, you can specify that a view is unsealed allowing existing variables to be updated and new variables defined. .PP .Vb 6 \& [% VIEW my_web_site \& sealed = 0 \& title = title or \*(AqMy Cool Web Site\*(Aq \& # ... ; \& END \& %] \& \& [% my_web_site.title(\*(AqBlah Blah\*(Aq) %] # Blah Blah \& [% my_web_site.title %] # Blah Blah .Ve .SS "Inheritance, Delegation and Reuse" .IX Subsection "Inheritance, Delegation and Reuse" Views can be inherited from previously defined views by use of the \f(CW\*(C`base\*(C'\fR parameter. This example shows how a base class view is defined which applies a \f(CW\*(C`view/default/\*(C'\fR prefix to all template names. .PP .Vb 4 \& [% VIEW my.view.default \& prefix = \*(Aqview/default/\*(Aq; \& END \& %] .Ve .PP Thus the directive: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% my.view.default.header(title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq) %] .Ve .PP is now equivalent to: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% INCLUDE view/default/header title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq %] .Ve .PP A second view can be defined which specifies the default view as a base. .PP .Vb 5 \& [% VIEW my.view.fancy \& base = my.view.default \& prefix = \*(Aqview/fancy/\*(Aq; \& END \& %] .Ve .PP Now the directive: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% my.view.fancy.header(title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq) %] .Ve .PP will resolve to: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% INCLUDE view/fancy/header title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq %] .Ve .PP or if that doesn't exist, it will be handled by the base view as: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% INCLUDE view/default/header title=\*(AqHello World\*(Aq %] .Ve .PP When a parent view is specified via the \f(CW\*(C`base\*(C'\fR parameter, the delegation of a view to its parent for fetching templates and accessing user defined variables is automatic. You can also implement your own inheritance, delegation or other reuse patterns by explicitly delegating to other views. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& public foo block \& [% END %] \& \& [% VIEW plain %] \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& <plain>[% PROCESS foo %]</plain> \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% VIEW fancy %] \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& [% plain.foo | replace(\*(Aqplain\*(Aq, \*(Aqfancy\*(Aq) %] \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% plain.foo %] # <plain>public foo block</plain> \& [% fancy.foo %] # <fancy>public foo block</fancy> .Ve .PP Note that the regular \f(CW\*(C`INCLUDE/PROCESS/WRAPPER\*(C'\fR directives work entirely independently of views and will always get the original, unaltered template name rather than any local per-view definition. .SS "Self-Reference" .IX Subsection "Self-Reference" A reference to the view object under definition is available with the \&\f(CW\*(C`VIEW ... END\*(C'\fR block by its specified name and also by the special name \&'\f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR' (similar to the \f(CW\*(C`my $self = shift;\*(C'\fR in a Perl method or the \&'\f(CW\*(C`this\*(C'\fR' pointer in \*(C+, etc). The view is initially unsealed allowing any data items to be defined and updated within the \f(CW\*(C`VIEW ... END\*(C'\fR block. The view is automatically sealed at the end of the definition block, preventing any view data from being subsequently changed. .PP (\s-1NOTE:\s0 sealing should be optional. As well as sealing a view to prevent updates (\f(CW\*(C`SEALED\*(C'\fR), it should be possible to set an option in the view to allow external contexts to update existing variables (\f(CW\*(C`UPDATE\*(C'\fR) or even create totally new view variables (\f(CW\*(C`CREATE\*(C'\fR)). .PP .Vb 5 \& [% VIEW fancy %] \& [% fancy.title = \*(AqMy Fancy Title\*(Aq %] \& [% fancy.author = \*(AqFrank Open\*(Aq %] \& [% fancy.col = { bg => \*(Aq#ffffff\*(Aq, bar => \*(Aq#a0a0ff\*(Aq } %] \& [% END %] .Ve .PP or .PP .Vb 5 \& [% VIEW fancy %] \& [% view.title = \*(AqMy Fancy Title\*(Aq %] \& [% view.author = \*(AqFrank Open\*(Aq %] \& [% view.col = { bg => \*(Aq#ffffff\*(Aq, bar => \*(Aq#a0a0ff\*(Aq } %] \& [% END %] .Ve .PP It makes no real difference in this case if you refer to the view by its name, '\f(CW\*(C`fancy\*(C'\fR', or by the general name, '\f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR'. Outside of the view block, however, you should always use the given name, '\f(CW\*(C`fancy\*(C'\fR': .PP .Vb 3 \& [% fancy.title %] \& [% fancy.author %] \& [% fancy.col.bg %] .Ve .PP The choice of given name or '\f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR' is much more important when it comes to \f(CW\*(C`BLOCK\*(C'\fR definitions within a \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR. It is generally recommended that you use '\f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR' inside a \f(CW\*(C`VIEW\*(C'\fR definition because this is guaranteed to be correctly defined at any point in the future when the block gets called. The original name of the view might have long since been changed or reused but the self-reference via '\f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR' should always be intact and valid. .PP Take the following \s-1VIEW\s0 as an example: .PP .Vb 6 \& [% VIEW foo %] \& [% view.title = \*(AqHello World\*(Aq %] \& [% BLOCK header %] \& Title: [% view.title %] \& [% END %] \& [% END %] .Ve .PP Even if we rename the view, or create a new \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR variable, the header block still correctly accesses the \f(CW\*(C`title\*(C'\fR attribute of the view to which it belongs. Whenever a view \f(CW\*(C`BLOCK\*(C'\fR is processed, the \f(CW\*(C`view\*(C'\fR variable is always updated to contain the correct reference to the view object to which it belongs. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% bar = foo %] \& [% foo = { title => "New Foo" } %] # no problem \& [% bar.header %] # => Title: Hello World .Ve .SS "Saving References to External Views" .IX Subsection "Saving References to External Views" When it comes to view inheritance, it's always a good idea to take a local copy of a parent or delegate view and store it as an attribute within the view for later use. This ensures that the correct view reference is always available, even if the external name of a view has been changed. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% VIEW plain %] \& ... \& [% END %] \& \& [% VIEW fancy %] \& [% view.plain = plain %] \& [% BLOCK foo %] \& [% view.plain.foo | replace(\*(Aqplain\*(Aq, \*(Aqfancy\*(Aq) %] \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% plain.foo %] # => <plain>public foo block</plain> \& [% plain = \*(Aqblah\*(Aq %] # no problem \& [% fancy.foo %] # => <fancy>public foo block</fancy> .Ve .SS "Views as Data Presenters" .IX Subsection "Views as Data Presenters" Another key role of a view is to act as a dispatcher to automatically apply the correct template to present a particular object or data item. This is handled via the \f(CW\*(C`print()\*(C'\fR method. .PP Here's an example: .PP .Vb 1 \& [% VIEW foo %] \& \& [% BLOCK text %] \& Some text: [% item %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% BLOCK hash %] \& a hash: \& [% FOREACH key = item.keys.sort \-%] \& [% key %] => [% item.$key %] \& [% END \-%] \& [% END %] \& \& [% BLOCK list %] \& a list: [% item.sort.join(\*(Aq, \*(Aq) %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% END %] .Ve .PP We can now use the view to print text, hashes or lists. The \f(CW\*(C`print()\*(C'\fR method includes the right template depending on the typing of the argument (or arguments) passed. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% some_text = \*(AqI read the news today, oh boy.\*(Aq %] \& [% a_hash = { house => \*(AqLords\*(Aq, hall => \*(AqAlbert\*(Aq } %] \& [% a_list = [ \*(Aqsure\*(Aq, \*(AqNobody\*(Aq, \*(Aqreally\*(Aq ] %] \& \& [% view.print(some_text) %] \& # Some text: I read the news today, oh boy. \& \& [% view.print(a_hash) %] \& # a hash: \& hall => Albert \& house => Lords \& [% view.print(a_list) %] \& # a list: Nobody, really, sure .Ve .PP You can also provide templates to print objects of any other class. The class name is mapped to a template name with all non-word character sequences such as '\f(CW\*(C`::\*(C'\fR' converted to a single '\f(CW\*(C`_\*(C'\fR'. .PP .Vb 7 \& [% VIEW foo %] \& [% BLOCK Foo_Bar %] \& a Foo::Bar object: \& thingies: [% view.print(item.thingies) %] \& doodahs: [% view.print(item.doodahs) %] \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% USE fubar = Foo::Bar(...) %] \& \& [% foo.print(fubar) %] .Ve .PP Note how we use the view object to display various items within the objects ('\f(CW\*(C`thingies\*(C'\fR' and '\f(CW\*(C`doodahs\*(C'\fR'). We don't need to worry what kind of data these represent (text, list, hash, etc) because we can let the view worry about it, automatically mapping the data type to the correct template. .PP Views may define their own type => template map. .PP .Vb 11 \& [% VIEW foo \& map = { TEXT => \*(Aqplain_text\*(Aq, \& ARRAY => \*(Aqshow_list\*(Aq, \& HASH => \*(Aqshow_hash\*(Aq, \& My::Module => \*(Aqtemplate_name\*(Aq \& default => \*(Aqany_old_data\*(Aq \& } \& %] \& [% BLOCK plain_text %] \& ... \& [% END %] \& \& ... \& [% END %] .Ve .PP They can also provide a \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR map entry, specified as part of the \f(CW\*(C`map\*(C'\fR hash or as a parameter by itself. .PP .Vb 6 \& [% VIEW foo \& map = { ... }, \& default = \*(Aqwhatever\*(Aq \& %] \& ... \& [% END %] .Ve .PP or .PP .Vb 6 \& [% VIEW foo %] \& [% view.map = { ... } \& view.default = \*(Aqwhatever\*(Aq \& %] \& ... \& [% END %] .Ve .PP The \f(CW\*(C`print()\*(C'\fR method provides one more piece of magic. If you pass it a reference to an object which provides a \f(CW\*(C`present()\*(C'\fR method, then the method will be called passing the view as an argument. This then gives any object a chance to determine how it should be presented via the view. .PP .Vb 8 \& package Foo::Bar; \& ... \& sub present { \& my ($self, $view) = @_; \& return "a Foo::Bar object:\en" \& . "thingies: " . $view\->print($self\->{ _THINGIES }) . "\en" \& . "doodahs: " . $view\->print($self\->{ _DOODAHS }) . "\en"; \& } .Ve .PP The object is free to delve deeply into its innards and mess around with its own private data, before presenting the relevant data via the view. In a more complex example, a \f(CW\*(C`present()\*(C'\fR method might walk part of a tree making calls back against the view to present different nodes within the tree. We may not want to expose the internal structure of the tree (because that would break encapsulation and make our presentation code dependant on it) but we want to have some way of walking the tree and presenting items found in a particular manner. .PP This is known as \fIStructure Shy Traversal\fR. Our view object doesn't require prior knowledge about the internal structure of any data set to be able to traverse it and present the data contained therein. The data items themselves, via the \f(CW\*(C`present()\*(C'\fR method, can implement the internal iterators to guide the view along the right path to presentation happiness. .PP The upshot is that you can use views to greatly simplify the display of data structures like \f(CW\*(C`XML::DOM\*(C'\fR trees. The documentation for the \&\f(CW\*(C`Template::Plugin::XML::DOM\*(C'\fR module contains an example of this. In essence, it looks something like this: .PP \&\s-1XML\s0 source: .PP .Vb 4 \& <user name="Andy Wardley"> \& <project id="iCan" title="iCan, but theyCan\*(Aqt"/> \& <project id="p45" title="iDid, but theyDidn\*(Aqt"/> \& </user> .Ve .PP \&\s-1TT\s0 View: .PP .Vb 5 \& [% VIEW fancy %] \& [% BLOCK user %] \& User: [% item.name %] \& [% item.content(myview) %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% BLOCK project %] \& Project: [% project.id %] \- [% project.name %] \& [% END %] \& [% END %] .Ve .PP Generate view: .PP .Vb 2 \& [% USE dom = XML.DOM %] \& [% fancy.print(dom.parse(xml_source)) %] .Ve .PP Output: .PP .Vb 3 \& User: Andy Wardley \& Project: iCan \- iCan, but theyCan\*(Aqt \& Project: p45 \- iDid, but theyDidn\*(Aqt .Ve .PP The same approach can be applied to many other areas. Here's an example from the \f(CW\*(C`File\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`Directory\*(C'\fR plugins. .PP .Vb 4 \& [% VIEW myview %] \& [% BLOCK file %] \& \- [% item.name %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% BLOCK directory %] \& * [% item.name %] \& [% item.content(myview) FILTER indent %] \& [% END %] \& [% END %] \& \& [% USE dir = Directory(dirpath) %] \& [% myview.print(dir) %] .Ve .PP And here's the same approach use to convert \s-1POD\s0 documentation to any other format via template. .PP .Vb 3 \& [% # load Pod plugin and parse source file into Pod Object Model \& USE Pod; \& pom = Pod.parse_file(my_pod_file); \& \& # define view to map all Pod elements to "pod/html/xxx" templates \& VIEW pod2html \& prefix=\*(Aqpod/html\*(Aq; \& END; \& \& # now print document via view (i.e. as HTML) \& pod2html.print(pom) \& %] .Ve .PP Here we simply define a template prefix for the view which causes the view to look for \f(CW\*(C`pod/html/head1\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`pod/html/head2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`pod/html/over\*(C'\fR as templates to present the different sections of the parsed Pod document. .PP There are some examples in the Template Toolkit test suite: \fIt/pod.t\fR and \&\fIt/view.t\fR which may shed some more light on this. See the distribution sub-directory \fIexamples/pod/html\fR for examples of Pod \-> \s-1HTML\s0 templates.
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