FM / man3

/usr/local/share/man/man3

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
App::Prove.3pm	10508	0444	edit dl rm
App::Prove::State.3pm	6005	0444	edit dl rm
App::Prove::State::Result.3pm	5619	0444	edit dl rm
App::Prove::State::Result::Test.3pm	5051	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig.3pm	35289	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::Args.3pm	7992	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::CGI.3pm	6609	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::File.3pm	12614	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::Getopt.3pm	7444	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::State.3pm	24972	0444	edit dl rm
AppConfig::Sys.3pm	6695	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Tar.3pm	44061	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Tar::File.3pm	11083	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip.3pm	69985	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip::FAQ.3pm	18437	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip::MemberRead.3pm	6734	0444	edit dl rm
Archive::Zip::Tree.3pm	2875	0444	edit dl rm
B::COW.3pm	5163	0444	edit dl rm
Canary::Stability.3pm	3727	0444	edit dl rm
CDB_File.3pm	14318	0444	edit dl rm
common::sense.3pm	0	0444	edit dl rm
Compress::Raw::Bzip2.3pm	13463	0444	edit dl rm
Compress::Raw::Zlib.3pm	42082	0444	edit dl rm
Compress::Zlib.3pm	38719	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta.3pm	15923	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Converter.3pm	6594	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Feature.3pm	4322	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History.3pm	7855	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0.3pm	9973	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1.3pm	12410	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2.3pm	22224	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3.3pm	23974	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4.3pm	24565	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Merge.3pm	5285	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Prereqs.3pm	7380	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Requirements.3pm	12308	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Spec.3pm	45592	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::Validator.3pm	4215	0444	edit dl rm
CPAN::Meta::YAML.3pm	4230	0444	edit dl rm
Crypt::OpenSSL::Random.3pm	5634	0444	edit dl rm
Curses.3pm	37580	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI.3pm	15619	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Buttonbox.3pm	8908	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Calendar.3pm	8203	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Checkbox.3pm	6509	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Color.3pm	5903	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Common.3pm	6498	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Container.3pm	9041	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Basic.3pm	5213	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Calendar.3pm	4761	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Dirbrowser.3pm	5369	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Error.3pm	4307	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Filebrowser.3pm	6889	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Progress.3pm	5774	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Question.3pm	5277	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Dialog::Status.3pm	4765	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Label.3pm	7333	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Listbox.3pm	11988	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Menubar.3pm	8110	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Notebook.3pm	9140	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::PasswordEntry.3pm	3743	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Popupmenu.3pm	7431	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Progressbar.3pm	5891	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Radiobuttonbox.3pm	4069	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Searchable.3pm	6668	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::TextEditor.3pm	14171	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::TextEntry.3pm	3623	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::TextViewer.3pm	3670	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Tutorial.3pm	8555	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Widget.3pm	25675	0444	edit dl rm
Curses::UI::Window.3pm	5084	0444	edit dl rm
Cwd.3pm	7183	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Format.3pm	7291	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Language.3pm	3809	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Language::Bulgarian.3pm	3675	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Language::Hungarian.3pm	3091	0444	edit dl rm
Date::Parse.3pm	5402	0444	edit dl rm
Digest::SHA.3pm	25759	0444	edit dl rm
Expect.3pm	60229	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::CBuilder.3pm	11923	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows.3pm	3117	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Command.3pm	5942	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Command::MM.3pm	5723	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Liblist.3pm	12679	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker.3pm	79357	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config.3pm	2587	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ.3pm	26829	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale.3pm	11168	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.3pm	8389	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Manifest.3pm	11961	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap.3pm	3459	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::Mksymlists.3pm	6699	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM.3pm	2829	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_AIX.3pm	3044	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Any.3pm	31129	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_BeOS.3pm	2798	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin.3pm	3569	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Darwin.3pm	2688	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_DOS.3pm	3021	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_MacOS.3pm	2987	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_NW5.3pm	3200	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_OS2.3pm	2886	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_QNX.3pm	2942	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Unix.3pm	21419	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_UWIN.3pm	3051	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_VMS.3pm	14900	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_VOS.3pm	2926	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Win32.3pm	5919	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MM_Win95.3pm	3276	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::MY.3pm	2764	0444	edit dl rm
ExtUtils::testlib.3pm	2690	0444	edit dl rm
File::GlobMapper.3pm	11447	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir.3pm	18212	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin.3pm	3232	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Carbon.3pm	3517	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Darwin::Cocoa.3pm	3446	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Driver.3pm	3101	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::FreeDesktop.3pm	3487	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::MacOS9.3pm	3499	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Test.3pm	3534	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Unix.3pm	3638	0444	edit dl rm
File::HomeDir::Windows.3pm	4891	0444	edit dl rm
File::Path.3pm	31030	0444	edit dl rm
File::Slurp.3pm	23626	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec.3pm	13784	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::AmigaOS.3pm	2826	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Cygwin.3pm	3957	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Epoc.3pm	3251	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Functions.3pm	3799	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Mac.3pm	18664	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::OS2.3pm	3118	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Unix.3pm	9837	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::VMS.3pm	6389	0444	edit dl rm
File::Spec::Win32.3pm	6451	0444	edit dl rm
File::Temp.3pm	36799	0444	edit dl rm
File::Which.3pm	9746	0444	edit dl rm
Getopt::Long.3pm	52647	0444	edit dl rm
HDB.3pm	10947	0444	edit dl rm
HDB::CMDS.3pm	18894	0444	edit dl rm
HDB::Encode.3pm	7863	0444	edit dl rm
HDB::Object.3pm	10057	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::AsSubs.3pm	8586	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Element.3pm	70793	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Element::traverse.3pm	15984	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Form.3pm	28158	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Parse.3pm	8277	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree.3pm	9982	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree::AboutObjects.3pm	37918	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree::AboutTrees.3pm	58534	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::Tree::Scanning.3pm	34385	0444	edit dl rm
HTML::TreeBuilder.3pm	30138	0444	edit dl rm
HTTP::Tiny.3pm	27709	0444	edit dl rm
IO::AtomicFile.3pm	5381	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Base.3pm	3506	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Bzip2.3pm	23260	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Deflate.3pm	26768	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::FAQ.3pm	26718	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Gzip.3pm	34489	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::RawDeflate.3pm	27134	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Compress::Zip.3pm	40870	0444	edit dl rm
IO::InnerFile.3pm	6035	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Lines.3pm	3783	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Pty.3pm	8579	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Scalar.3pm	10679	0444	edit dl rm
IO::ScalarArray.3pm	10528	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Stringy.3pm	4049	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Tty.3pm	8348	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Tty::Constant.3pm	10012	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate.3pm	32800	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress.3pm	30767	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Base.3pm	3518	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2.3pm	29171	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.3pm	31719	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Inflate.3pm	29915	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::RawInflate.3pm	29563	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Uncompress::Unzip.3pm	31279	0444	edit dl rm
IO::Wrap.3pm	10664	0444	edit dl rm
IO::WrapTie.3pm	14987	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::PP.3pm	50080	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::PP::Boolean.3pm	2667	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::Syck.3pm	8094	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::XS.3pm	89037	0444	edit dl rm
JSON::XS::Boolean.3pm	2857	0444	edit dl rm
lib::core::only.3pm	5647	0444	edit dl rm
local::lib.3pm	31390	0444	edit dl rm
LWP.3pm	28506	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Authen::Ntlm.3pm	7489	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::ConnCache.3pm	9967	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Debug.3pm	5608	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::MemberMixin.3pm	4821	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Protocol.3pm	8350	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Protocol::https.3pm	5684	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::RobotUA.3pm	9022	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::Simple.3pm	9016	0444	edit dl rm
LWP::UserAgent.3pm	48156	0444	edit dl rm
lwpcook.3pm	14838	0444	edit dl rm
lwptut.3pm	32441	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build.3pm	44563	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::API.3pm	89267	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Authoring.3pm	17363	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Base.3pm	5157	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Bundling.3pm	9999	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Compat.3pm	10885	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::ConfigData.3pm	7388	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Cookbook.3pm	25946	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Notes.3pm	4690	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::aix.3pm	4472	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::cygwin.3pm	4505	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::darwin.3pm	4491	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::Default.3pm	4490	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::MacOS.3pm	5398	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::os2.3pm	4474	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::Unix.3pm	4481	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::VMS.3pm	7885	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::VOS.3pm	4477	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::Platform::Windows.3pm	4529	0444	edit dl rm
Module::Build::PPMMaker.3pm	4886	0444	edit dl rm
Mozilla::CA.3pm	3571	0444	edit dl rm
Net::CIDR::Lite.3pm	9562	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Cmd.3pm	11545	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Config.3pm	8100	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Domain.3pm	3835	0444	edit dl rm
Net::FTP.3pm	27341	0444	edit dl rm
Net::FTP::dataconn.3pm	3979	0444	edit dl rm
Net::HTTP.3pm	16375	0444	edit dl rm
Net::HTTP::NB.3pm	5394	0444	edit dl rm
Net::HTTPS.3pm	5438	0444	edit dl rm
Net::IP.3pm	27697	0444	edit dl rm
Net::libnetFAQ.3pm	14746	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Netrc.3pm	6729	0444	edit dl rm
Net::NNTP.3pm	23193	0444	edit dl rm
Net::POP3.3pm	12259	0444	edit dl rm
Net::SMTP.3pm	18880	0444	edit dl rm
Net::SSLeay.3pm	349350	0444	edit dl rm
Net::SSLeay::Handle.3pm	9127	0444	edit dl rm
Net::Time.3pm	4524	0444	edit dl rm
ok.3pm	2851	0444	edit dl rm
Parse::CPAN::Meta.3pm	10187	0444	edit dl rm
POD2::DE::local::lib.3pm	22879	0444	edit dl rm
POD2::PT_BR::local::lib.3pm	22762	0444	edit dl rm
Socket.3pm	34078	0444	edit dl rm
Sub::Identify.3pm	5087	0444	edit dl rm
SUPER.3pm	7394	0444	edit dl rm
Switch.3pm	19014	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Base.3pm	3401	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Base.3pm	6233	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Color.3pm	3717	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Console.3pm	2722	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession.3pm	3065	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Console::Session.3pm	2832	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::File.3pm	2693	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::File::Session.3pm	2847	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Formatter::Session.3pm	3603	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Harness.3pm	21300	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Harness::Beyond.3pm	19118	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Harness::Env.3pm	5467	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Object.3pm	4497	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser.3pm	42210	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Aggregator.3pm	8023	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Grammar.3pm	8647	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator.3pm	4993	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array.3pm	3771	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process.3pm	4601	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream.3pm	3712	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory.3pm	6904	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Multiplexer.3pm	4646	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result.3pm	7512	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout.3pm	3293	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Comment.3pm	3118	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Plan.3pm	4173	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma.3pm	3073	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Test.3pm	7114	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown.3pm	2973	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::Version.3pm	3154	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Result::YAML.3pm	3086	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::ResultFactory.3pm	5523	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler.3pm	8113	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job.3pm	4301	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner.3pm	3346	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::Source.3pm	8170	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler.3pm	7559	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable.3pm	5297	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File.3pm	4567	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle.3pm	4425	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl.3pm	6262	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP.3pm	4434	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader.3pm	3995	0444	edit dl rm
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer.3pm	4879	0444	edit dl rm
Template.3pm	27909	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Base.3pm	8149	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Config.3pm	8687	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Constants.3pm	7815	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Context.3pm	26637	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Directive.3pm	4821	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Document.3pm	11829	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Exception.3pm	6763	0444	edit dl rm
Template::FAQ.3pm	14564	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Filters.3pm	9817	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Grammar.3pm	5039	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Iterator.3pm	11413	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual.3pm	6317	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Config.3pm	79504	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Credits.3pm	8246	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Directives.3pm	77293	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Filters.3pm	20810	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Internals.3pm	23433	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Intro.3pm	14092	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Plugins.3pm	13780	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Syntax.3pm	14549	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Variables.3pm	33110	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::Views.3pm	25953	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Manual::VMethods.3pm	28195	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Modules.3pm	9827	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Namespace::Constants.3pm	6002	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Parser.3pm	9917	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin.3pm	10937	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Assert.3pm	5446	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::CGI.3pm	6188	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Datafile.3pm	6601	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Date.3pm	9538	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Directory.3pm	11979	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Dumper.3pm	6078	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::File.3pm	13009	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Filter.3pm	12936	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Format.3pm	4895	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::HTML.3pm	7823	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Image.3pm	11950	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Iterator.3pm	5061	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Math.3pm	6623	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Pod.3pm	4784	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Procedural.3pm	5631	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Scalar.3pm	5032	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::String.3pm	17263	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Table.3pm	11145	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::URL.3pm	8080	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::View.3pm	5479	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugin::Wrap.3pm	6433	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Plugins.3pm	9733	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Provider.3pm	14678	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Service.3pm	14813	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Stash.3pm	11983	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Stash::Context.3pm	7130	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Stash::XS.3pm	6644	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Test.3pm	15524	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Toolkit.3pm	9227	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tools.3pm	5001	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tools::tpage.3pm	5806	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tools::ttree.3pm	16567	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tutorial.3pm	4566	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tutorial::Datafile.3pm	19539	0444	edit dl rm
Template::Tutorial::Web.3pm	34118	0444	edit dl rm
Template::View.3pm	12618	0444	edit dl rm
Template::VMethods.3pm	4688	0444	edit dl rm
Term::ReadKey.3pm	13029	0444	edit dl rm
Test2.3pm	9556	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API.3pm	30424	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Breakage.3pm	4988	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Context.3pm	17574	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Instance.3pm	12404	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::API::Stack.3pm	6568	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event.3pm	9189	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Bail.3pm	3470	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Diag.3pm	3338	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Exception.3pm	3520	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Generic.3pm	7662	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Info.3pm	4261	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Note.3pm	3323	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Ok.3pm	4255	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Plan.3pm	3907	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Skip.3pm	3665	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Subtest.3pm	3573	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Event::Waiting.3pm	3107	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Formatter.3pm	5208	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Formatter::TAP.3pm	9255	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub.3pm	16755	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub::Interceptor.3pm	2937	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator.3pm	2980	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Hub::Subtest.3pm	3803	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::IPC.3pm	3324	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::IPC::Driver.3pm	9512	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::IPC::Driver::Files.3pm	3822	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Transition.3pm	18406	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util.3pm	5123	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util::ExternalMeta.3pm	5594	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util::HashBase.3pm	7463	0444	edit dl rm
Test2::Util::Trace.3pm	5577	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder.3pm	26915	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::Formatter.3pm	3656	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::IO::Scalar.3pm	9740	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::Module.3pm	5567	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Builder::Tester.3pm	11550	0444	edit dl rm
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Test::MockModule.3pm	10818	0444	edit dl rm
Test::More.3pm	43215	0444	edit dl rm
Test::More::UTF8.3pm	3602	0444	edit dl rm
Test::RequiresInternet.3pm	3944	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Simple.3pm	9119	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Tester.3pm	15781	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Tester::Capture.3pm	2902	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Tester::CaptureRunner.3pm	2673	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Tutorial.3pm	24261	0444	edit dl rm
Test::use::ok.3pm	3841	0444	edit dl rm
Test::Warnings.3pm	14231	0444	edit dl rm
Text::Glob.3pm	6106	0444	edit dl rm
Text::Template.3pm	65499	0444	edit dl rm
Text::Template::Preprocess.3pm	6270	0444	edit dl rm
Time::Zone.3pm	3413	0444	edit dl rm
TimeDate.3pm	2397	0444	edit dl rm
Try::Tiny.3pm	20343	0444	edit dl rm
Types::Serialiser.3pm	11473	0444	edit dl rm
Types::Serialiser::Error.3pm	2705	0444	edit dl rm
version.3pm	13937	0444	edit dl rm
version::Internals.3pm	30287	0444	edit dl rm
WWW::Mechanize.3pm	68196	0444	edit dl rm
WWW::Mechanize::Cookbook.3pm	7159	0444	edit dl rm
WWW::Mechanize::Examples.3pm	22490	0444	edit dl rm
WWW::Mechanize::FAQ.3pm	24359	0444	edit dl rm
WWW::Mechanize::Image.3pm	6490	0444	edit dl rm
WWW::Mechanize::Link.3pm	6518	0444	edit dl rm
XML::NamespaceSupport.3pm	13052	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser.3pm	26296	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser::Expat.3pm	26799	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser::Style::Debug.3pm	4408	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser::Style::Objects.3pm	4888	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser::Style::Stream.3pm	5925	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser::Style::Subs.3pm	4863	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Parser::Style::Tree.3pm	5529	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX.3pm	9229	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::Base.3pm	13704	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::BuildSAXBase.3pm	13700	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::DocumentLocator.3pm	5239	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::Exception.3pm	5622	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::Expat.3pm	6404	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::Intro.3pm	20220	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::ParserFactory.3pm	7919	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::PurePerl.3pm	6172	0444	edit dl rm
XML::SAX::PurePerl::Reader.3pm	4103	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Simple.3pm	65589	0444	edit dl rm
XML::Simple::FAQ.3pm	27223	0444	edit dl rm
YAML.3pm	29980	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Any.3pm	7487	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Dumper.3pm	4776	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Dumper::Base.3pm	4642	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Error.3pm	4681	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Loader.3pm	4766	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Loader::Base.3pm	4642	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Marshall.3pm	4640	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Node.3pm	6743	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Syck.3pm	10806	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Tag.3pm	4499	0444	edit dl rm
YAML::Types.3pm	4716	0444	edit dl rm

Edit: /usr/local/share/man/man3/lwptut.3pm (32441B)

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "lwptut 3"
.TH lwptut 3 "2015-02-26" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
lwptut \-\- An LWP Tutorial
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\s-1LWP \s0(short for \*(L"Library for \s-1WWW\s0 in Perl\*(R") is a very popular group of
Perl modules for accessing data on the Web. Like most Perl
module-distributions, each of \s-1LWP\s0's component modules comes with
documentation that is a complete reference to its interface. However,
there are so many modules in \s-1LWP\s0 that it's hard to know where to start
looking for information on how to do even the simplest most common
things.
.PP
Really introducing you to using \s-1LWP\s0 would require a whole book \*(-- a book
that just happens to exist, called \fIPerl & \s-1LWP\s0\fR. But this article
should give you a taste of how you can go about some common tasks with
\&\s-1LWP.\s0
.SS "Getting documents with LWP::Simple"
.IX Subsection "Getting documents with LWP::Simple"
If you just want to get what's at a particular \s-1URL,\s0 the simplest way
to do it is LWP::Simple's functions.
.PP
In a Perl program, you can call its \f(CW\*(C`get($url)\*(C'\fR function.  It will try
getting that \s-1URL\s0's content.  If it works, then it'll return the
content; but if there's some error, it'll return undef.
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  my $url = \*(Aqhttp://www.npr.org/programs/fa/?todayDate=current\*(Aq;
\&    # Just an example: the URL for the most recent /Fresh Air/ show
\&
\&  use LWP::Simple;
\&  my $content = get $url;
\&  die "Couldn\*(Aqt get $url" unless defined $content;
\&
\&  # Then go do things with $content, like this:
\&
\&  if($content =~ m/jazz/i) {
\&    print "They\*(Aqre talking about jazz today on Fresh Air!\en";
\&  }
\&  else {
\&    print "Fresh Air is apparently jazzless today.\en";
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
The handiest variant on \f(CW\*(C`get\*(C'\fR is \f(CW\*(C`getprint\*(C'\fR, which is useful in Perl
one-liners.  If it can get the page whose \s-1URL\s0 you provide, it sends it
to \s-1STDOUT\s0; otherwise it complains to \s-1STDERR.\s0
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  % perl \-MLWP::Simple \-e "getprint \*(Aqhttp://www.cpan.org/RECENT\*(Aq"
.Ve
.PP
That is the \s-1URL\s0 of a plain text file that lists new files in \s-1CPAN\s0 in
the past two weeks.  You can easily make it part of a tidy little
shell command, like this one that mails you the list of new
\&\f(CW\*(C`Acme::\*(C'\fR modules:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  % perl \-MLWP::Simple \-e "getprint \*(Aqhttp://www.cpan.org/RECENT\*(Aq"  \e
\&     | grep "/by\-module/Acme" | mail \-s "New Acme modules! Joy!" $USER
.Ve
.PP
There are other useful functions in LWP::Simple, including one function
for running a \s-1HEAD\s0 request on a \s-1URL \s0(useful for checking links, or
getting the last-revised time of a \s-1URL\s0), and two functions for
saving/mirroring a \s-1URL\s0 to a local file. See the LWP::Simple
documentation for the full details, or chapter 2 of \fIPerl
& \s-1LWP\s0\fR for more examples.
.SS "The Basics of the \s-1LWP\s0 Class Model"
.IX Subsection "The Basics of the LWP Class Model"
LWP::Simple's functions are handy for simple cases, but its functions
don't support cookies or authorization, don't support setting header
lines in the \s-1HTTP\s0 request, generally don't support reading header lines
in the \s-1HTTP\s0 response (notably the full \s-1HTTP\s0 error message, in case of an
error). To get at all those features, you'll have to use the full \s-1LWP\s0
class model.
.PP
While \s-1LWP\s0 consists of dozens of classes, the main two that you have to
understand are LWP::UserAgent and HTTP::Response. LWP::UserAgent
is a class for \*(L"virtual browsers\*(R" which you use for performing requests,
and HTTP::Response is a class for the responses (or error messages)
that you get back from those requests.
.PP
The basic idiom is \f(CW\*(C`$response = $browser\->get($url)\*(C'\fR, or more fully
illustrated:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  # Early in your program:
\&  
\&  use LWP 5.64; # Loads all important LWP classes, and makes
\&                #  sure your version is reasonably recent.
\&
\&  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;
\&  
\&  ...
\&  
\&  # Then later, whenever you need to make a get request:
\&  my $url = \*(Aqhttp://www.npr.org/programs/fa/?todayDate=current\*(Aq;
\&  
\&  my $response = $browser\->get( $url );
\&  die "Can\*(Aqt get $url \-\- ", $response\->status_line
\&   unless $response\->is_success;
\&
\&  die "Hey, I was expecting HTML, not ", $response\->content_type
\&   unless $response\->content_type eq \*(Aqtext/html\*(Aq;
\&     # or whatever content\-type you\*(Aqre equipped to deal with
\&
\&  # Otherwise, process the content somehow:
\&  
\&  if($response\->decoded_content =~ m/jazz/i) {
\&    print "They\*(Aqre talking about jazz today on Fresh Air!\en";
\&  }
\&  else {
\&    print "Fresh Air is apparently jazzless today.\en";
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
There are two objects involved: \f(CW$browser\fR, which holds an object of
class LWP::UserAgent, and then the \f(CW$response\fR object, which is of
class HTTP::Response. You really need only one browser object per
program; but every time you make a request, you get back a new
HTTP::Response object, which will have some interesting attributes:
.IP "\(bu" 4
A status code indicating
success or failure
(which you can test with \f(CW\*(C`$response\->is_success\*(C'\fR).
.IP "\(bu" 4
An \s-1HTTP\s0 status
line that is hopefully informative if there's failure (which you can
see with \f(CW\*(C`$response\->status_line\*(C'\fR,
returning something like \*(L"404 Not Found\*(R").
.IP "\(bu" 4
A \s-1MIME\s0 content-type like \*(L"text/html\*(R", \*(L"image/gif\*(R",
\&\*(L"application/xml\*(R", etc., which you can see with 
\&\f(CW\*(C`$response\->content_type\*(C'\fR
.IP "\(bu" 4
The actual content of the response, in \f(CW\*(C`$response\->decoded_content\*(C'\fR.
If the response is \s-1HTML,\s0 that's where the \s-1HTML\s0 source will be; if
it's a \s-1GIF,\s0 then \f(CW\*(C`$response\->decoded_content\*(C'\fR will be the binary
\&\s-1GIF\s0 data.
.IP "\(bu" 4
And dozens of other convenient and more specific methods that are
documented in the docs for HTTP::Response, and its superclasses
HTTP::Message and HTTP::Headers.
.SS "Adding Other \s-1HTTP\s0 Request Headers"
.IX Subsection "Adding Other HTTP Request Headers"
The most commonly used syntax for requests is \f(CW\*(C`$response =
$browser\->get($url)\*(C'\fR, but in truth, you can add extra \s-1HTTP\s0 header
lines to the request by adding a list of key-value pairs after the \s-1URL,\s0
like so:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  $response = $browser\->get( $url, $key1, $value1, $key2, $value2, ... );
.Ve
.PP
For example, here's how to send some more Netscape-like headers, in case
you're dealing with a site that would otherwise reject your request:
.PP
.Vb 6
\&  my @ns_headers = (
\&   \*(AqUser\-Agent\*(Aq => \*(AqMozilla/4.76 [en] (Win98; U)\*(Aq,
\&   \*(AqAccept\*(Aq => \*(Aqimage/gif, image/x\-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/png, */*\*(Aq,
\&   \*(AqAccept\-Charset\*(Aq => \*(Aqiso\-8859\-1,*,utf\-8\*(Aq,
\&   \*(AqAccept\-Language\*(Aq => \*(Aqen\-US\*(Aq,
\&  );
\&
\&  ...
\&  
\&  $response = $browser\->get($url, @ns_headers);
.Ve
.PP
If you weren't reusing that array, you could just go ahead and do this:
.PP
.Vb 6
\&  $response = $browser\->get($url,
\&   \*(AqUser\-Agent\*(Aq => \*(AqMozilla/4.76 [en] (Win98; U)\*(Aq,
\&   \*(AqAccept\*(Aq => \*(Aqimage/gif, image/x\-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/png, */*\*(Aq,
\&   \*(AqAccept\-Charset\*(Aq => \*(Aqiso\-8859\-1,*,utf\-8\*(Aq,
\&   \*(AqAccept\-Language\*(Aq => \*(Aqen\-US\*(Aq,
\&  );
.Ve
.PP
If you were only ever changing the 'User\-Agent' line, you could just change
the \f(CW$browser\fR object's default line from \*(L"libwww\-perl/5.65\*(R" (or the like)
to whatever you like, using the LWP::UserAgent \f(CW\*(C`agent\*(C'\fR method:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&   $browser\->agent(\*(AqMozilla/4.76 [en] (Win98; U)\*(Aq);
.Ve
.SS "Enabling Cookies"
.IX Subsection "Enabling Cookies"
A default LWP::UserAgent object acts like a browser with its cookies
support turned off. There are various ways of turning it on, by setting
its \f(CW\*(C`cookie_jar\*(C'\fR attribute. A \*(L"cookie jar\*(R" is an object representing
a little database of all
the \s-1HTTP\s0 cookies that a browser can know about. It can correspond to a
file on disk (the way Netscape uses its \fIcookies.txt\fR file), or it can
be just an in-memory object that starts out empty, and whose collection of
cookies will disappear once the program is finished running.
.PP
To give a browser an in-memory empty cookie jar, you set its \f(CW\*(C`cookie_jar\*(C'\fR
attribute like so:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  $browser\->cookie_jar({});
.Ve
.PP
To give it a copy that will be read from a file on disk, and will be saved
to it when the program is finished running, set the \f(CW\*(C`cookie_jar\*(C'\fR attribute
like this:
.PP
.Vb 7
\&  use HTTP::Cookies;
\&  $browser\->cookie_jar( HTTP::Cookies\->new(
\&    \*(Aqfile\*(Aq => \*(Aq/some/where/cookies.lwp\*(Aq,
\&        # where to read/write cookies
\&    \*(Aqautosave\*(Aq => 1,
\&        # save it to disk when done
\&  ));
.Ve
.PP
That file will be in LWP-specific format. If you want to access the
cookies in your Netscape cookies file, you can use the
HTTP::Cookies::Netscape class:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use HTTP::Cookies;
\&    # yes, loads HTTP::Cookies::Netscape too
\&  
\&  $browser\->cookie_jar( HTTP::Cookies::Netscape\->new(
\&    \*(Aqfile\*(Aq => \*(Aqc:/Program Files/Netscape/Users/DIR\-NAME\-HERE/cookies.txt\*(Aq,
\&        # where to read cookies
\&  ));
.Ve
.PP
You could add an \f(CW\*(C`\*(Aqautosave\*(Aq => 1\*(C'\fR line as further above, but at
time of writing, it's uncertain whether Netscape might discard some of
the cookies you could be writing back to disk.
.SS "Posting Form Data"
.IX Subsection "Posting Form Data"
Many \s-1HTML\s0 forms send data to their server using an \s-1HTTP POST\s0 request, which
you can send with this syntax:
.PP
.Vb 7
\& $response = $browser\->post( $url,
\&   [
\&     formkey1 => value1, 
\&     formkey2 => value2, 
\&     ...
\&   ],
\& );
.Ve
.PP
Or if you need to send \s-1HTTP\s0 headers:
.PP
.Vb 9
\& $response = $browser\->post( $url,
\&   [
\&     formkey1 => value1, 
\&     formkey2 => value2, 
\&     ...
\&   ],
\&   headerkey1 => value1, 
\&   headerkey2 => value2, 
\& );
.Ve
.PP
For example, the following program makes a search request to AltaVista
(by sending some form data via an \s-1HTTP POST\s0 request), and extracts from
the \s-1HTML\s0 the report of the number of matches:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  use strict;
\&  use warnings;
\&  use LWP 5.64;
\&  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;
\&
\&  my $word = \*(Aqtarragon\*(Aq;
\&
\&  my $url = \*(Aqhttp://search.yahoo.com/yhs/search\*(Aq;
\&  my $response = $browser\->post( $url,
\&    [ \*(Aqq\*(Aq => $word,  # the Altavista query string
\&      \*(Aqfr\*(Aq => \*(Aqaltavista\*(Aq, \*(Aqpg\*(Aq => \*(Aqq\*(Aq, \*(Aqavkw\*(Aq => \*(Aqtgz\*(Aq, \*(Aqkl\*(Aq => \*(AqXX\*(Aq,
\&    ]
\&  );
\&  die "$url error: ", $response\->status_line
\&   unless $response\->is_success;
\&  die "Weird content type at $url \-\- ", $response\->content_type
\&   unless $response\->content_is_html;
\&
\&  if( $response\->decoded_content =~ m{([0\-9,]+)(?:<.*?>)? results for} ) {
\&    # The substring will be like "996,000</strong> results for"
\&    print "$word: $1\en";
\&  }
\&  else {
\&    print "Couldn\*(Aqt find the match\-string in the response\en";
\&  }
.Ve
.SS "Sending \s-1GET\s0 Form Data"
.IX Subsection "Sending GET Form Data"
Some \s-1HTML\s0 forms convey their form data not by sending the data
in an \s-1HTTP POST\s0 request, but by making a normal \s-1GET\s0 request with
the data stuck on the end of the \s-1URL. \s0 For example, if you went to
\&\f(CW\*(C`www.imdb.com\*(C'\fR and ran a search on \*(L"Blade Runner\*(R", the \s-1URL\s0 you'd see
in your browser window would be:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  http://www.imdb.com/find?s=all&q=Blade+Runner
.Ve
.PP
To run the same search with \s-1LWP,\s0 you'd use this idiom, which involves
the \s-1URI\s0 class:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  use URI;
\&  my $url = URI\->new( \*(Aqhttp://www.imdb.com/find\*(Aq );
\&    # makes an object representing the URL
\&
\&  $url\->query_form(  # And here the form data pairs:
\&    \*(Aqq\*(Aq => \*(AqBlade Runner\*(Aq,
\&    \*(Aqs\*(Aq => \*(Aqall\*(Aq,
\&  );
\&
\&  my $response = $browser\->get($url);
.Ve
.PP
See chapter 5 of \fIPerl & \s-1LWP\s0\fR for a longer discussion of \s-1HTML\s0 forms
and of form data, and chapters 6 through 9 for a longer discussion of
extracting data from \s-1HTML.\s0
.SS "Absolutizing URLs"
.IX Subsection "Absolutizing URLs"
The \s-1URI\s0 class that we just mentioned above provides all sorts of methods
for accessing and modifying parts of URLs (such as asking sort of \s-1URL\s0 it
is with \f(CW\*(C`$url\->scheme\*(C'\fR, and asking what host it refers to with \f(CW\*(C`$url\->host\*(C'\fR, and so on, as described in the docs for the \s-1URI\s0
class.  However, the methods of most immediate interest
are the \f(CW\*(C`query_form\*(C'\fR method seen above, and now the \f(CW\*(C`new_abs\*(C'\fR method
for taking a probably-relative \s-1URL\s0 string (like \*(L"../foo.html\*(R") and getting
back an absolute \s-1URL \s0(like \*(L"http://www.perl.com/stuff/foo.html\*(R"), as
shown here:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use URI;
\&  $abs = URI\->new_abs($maybe_relative, $base);
.Ve
.PP
For example, consider this program that matches URLs in the \s-1HTML\s0
list of new modules in \s-1CPAN:\s0
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  use strict;
\&  use warnings;
\&  use LWP;
\&  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;
\&  
\&  my $url = \*(Aqhttp://www.cpan.org/RECENT.html\*(Aq;
\&  my $response = $browser\->get($url);
\&  die "Can\*(Aqt get $url \-\- ", $response\->status_line
\&   unless $response\->is_success;
\&  
\&  my $html = $response\->decoded_content;
\&  while( $html =~ m/<A HREF=\e"(.*?)\e"/g ) {
\&    print "$1\en";
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
When run, it emits output that starts out something like this:
.PP
.Vb 7
\&  MIRRORING.FROM
\&  RECENT
\&  RECENT.html
\&  authors/00whois.html
\&  authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
\&  authors/id/A/AA/AASSAD/CHECKSUMS
\&  ...
.Ve
.PP
However, if you actually want to have those be absolute URLs, you
can use the \s-1URI\s0 module's \f(CW\*(C`new_abs\*(C'\fR method, by changing the \f(CW\*(C`while\*(C'\fR
loop to this:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  while( $html =~ m/<A HREF=\e"(.*?)\e"/g ) {
\&    print URI\->new_abs( $1, $response\->base ) ,"\en";
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
(The \f(CW\*(C`$response\->base\*(C'\fR method from HTTP::Message
is for returning what \s-1URL\s0
should be used for resolving relative URLs \*(-- it's usually just
the same as the \s-1URL\s0 that you requested.)
.PP
That program then emits nicely absolute URLs:
.PP
.Vb 7
\&  http://www.cpan.org/MIRRORING.FROM
\&  http://www.cpan.org/RECENT
\&  http://www.cpan.org/RECENT.html
\&  http://www.cpan.org/authors/00whois.html
\&  http://www.cpan.org/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
\&  http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/A/AA/AASSAD/CHECKSUMS
\&  ...
.Ve
.PP
See chapter 4 of \fIPerl & \s-1LWP\s0\fR for a longer discussion of \s-1URI\s0 objects.
.PP
Of course, using a regexp to match hrefs is a bit simplistic, and for
more robust programs, you'll probably want to use an HTML-parsing module
like HTML::LinkExtor or HTML::TokeParser or even maybe
HTML::TreeBuilder.
.SS "Other Browser Attributes"
.IX Subsection "Other Browser Attributes"
LWP::UserAgent objects have many attributes for controlling how they
work.  Here are a few notable ones:
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`$browser\->timeout(15);\*(C'\fR
.Sp
This sets this browser object to give up on requests that don't answer
within 15 seconds.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`$browser\->protocols_allowed( [ \*(Aqhttp\*(Aq, \*(Aqgopher\*(Aq] );\*(C'\fR
.Sp
This sets this browser object to not speak any protocols other than \s-1HTTP\s0
and gopher. If it tries accessing any other kind of \s-1URL \s0(like an \*(L"ftp:\*(R"
or \*(L"mailto:\*(R" or \*(L"news:\*(R" \s-1URL\s0), then it won't actually try connecting, but
instead will immediately return an error code 500, with a message like
\&\*(L"Access to 'ftp' URIs has been disabled\*(R".
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`use LWP::ConnCache; $browser\->conn_cache(LWP::ConnCache\->new());\*(C'\fR
.Sp
This tells the browser object to try using the \s-1HTTP/1.1 \s0\*(L"Keep-Alive\*(R"
feature, which speeds up requests by reusing the same socket connection
for multiple requests to the same server.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`$browser\->agent( \*(AqSomeName/1.23 (more info here maybe)\*(Aq )\*(C'\fR
.Sp
This changes how the browser object will identify itself in
the default \*(L"User-Agent\*(R" line is its \s-1HTTP\s0 requests.  By default,
it'll send "libwww\-perl/\fIversionnumber\fR\*(L", like
\&\*(R"libwww\-perl/5.65".  You can change that to something more descriptive
like this:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  $browser\->agent( \*(AqSomeName/3.14 (contact@robotplexus.int)\*(Aq );
.Ve
.Sp
Or if need be, you can go in disguise, like this:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  $browser\->agent( \*(AqMozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.12; Mac_PowerPC)\*(Aq );
.Ve
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`push @{ $ua\->requests_redirectable }, \*(AqPOST\*(Aq;\*(C'\fR
.Sp
This tells this browser to obey redirection responses to \s-1POST\s0 requests
(like most modern interactive browsers), even though the \s-1HTTP RFC\s0 says
that should not normally be done.
.PP
For more options and information, see the full documentation for
LWP::UserAgent.
.SS "Writing Polite Robots"
.IX Subsection "Writing Polite Robots"
If you want to make sure that your LWP-based program respects \fIrobots.txt\fR
files and doesn't make too many requests too fast, you can use the LWP::RobotUA
class instead of the LWP::UserAgent class.
.PP
LWP::RobotUA class is just like LWP::UserAgent, and you can use it like so:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  use LWP::RobotUA;
\&  my $browser = LWP::RobotUA\->new(\*(AqYourSuperBot/1.34\*(Aq, \*(Aqyou@yoursite.com\*(Aq);
\&    # Your bot\*(Aqs name and your email address
\&
\&  my $response = $browser\->get($url);
.Ve
.PP
But HTTP::RobotUA adds these features:
.IP "\(bu" 4
If the \fIrobots.txt\fR on \f(CW$url\fR's server forbids you from accessing
\&\f(CW$url\fR, then the \f(CW$browser\fR object (assuming it's of class LWP::RobotUA)
won't actually request it, but instead will give you back (in \f(CW$response\fR) a 403 error
with a message \*(L"Forbidden by robots.txt\*(R".  That is, if you have this line:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&  die "$url \-\- ", $response\->status_line, "\enAborted"
\&   unless $response\->is_success;
.Ve
.Sp
then the program would die with an error message like this:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&  http://whatever.site.int/pith/x.html \-\- 403 Forbidden by robots.txt
\&  Aborted at whateverprogram.pl line 1234
.Ve
.IP "\(bu" 4
If this \f(CW$browser\fR object sees that the last time it talked to
\&\f(CW$url\fR's server was too recently, then it will pause (via \f(CW\*(C`sleep\*(C'\fR) to
avoid making too many requests too often. How long it will pause for, is
by default one minute \*(-- but you can control it with the \f(CW\*(C`$browser\->delay( \f(CIminutes\f(CW )\*(C'\fR attribute.
.Sp
For example, this code:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  $browser\->delay( 7/60 );
.Ve
.Sp
\&...means that this browser will pause when it needs to avoid talking to
any given server more than once every 7 seconds.
.PP
For more options and information, see the full documentation for
LWP::RobotUA.
.SS "Using Proxies"
.IX Subsection "Using Proxies"
In some cases, you will want to (or will have to) use proxies for
accessing certain sites and/or using certain protocols. This is most
commonly the case when your \s-1LWP\s0 program is running (or could be running)
on a machine that is behind a firewall.
.PP
To make a browser object use proxies that are defined in the usual
environment variables (\f(CW\*(C`HTTP_PROXY\*(C'\fR, etc.), just call the \f(CW\*(C`env_proxy\*(C'\fR
on a user-agent object before you go making any requests on it.
Specifically:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use LWP::UserAgent;
\&  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;
\&  
\&  # And before you go making any requests:
\&  $browser\->env_proxy;
.Ve
.PP
For more information on proxy parameters, see the LWP::UserAgent
documentation, specifically the \f(CW\*(C`proxy\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`env_proxy\*(C'\fR,
and \f(CW\*(C`no_proxy\*(C'\fR methods.
.SS "\s-1HTTP\s0 Authentication"
.IX Subsection "HTTP Authentication"
Many web sites restrict access to documents by using \*(L"\s-1HTTP\s0
Authentication\*(R". This isn't just any form of \*(L"enter your password\*(R"
restriction, but is a specific mechanism where the \s-1HTTP\s0 server sends the
browser an \s-1HTTP\s0 code that says \*(L"That document is part of a protected
\&'realm', and you can access it only if you re-request it and add some
special authorization headers to your request\*(R".
.PP
For example, the Unicode.org admins stop email-harvesting bots from
harvesting the contents of their mailing list archives, by protecting
them with \s-1HTTP\s0 Authentication, and then publicly stating the username
and password (at \f(CW\*(C`http://www.unicode.org/mail\-arch/\*(C'\fR) \*(-- namely
username \*(L"unicode-ml\*(R" and password \*(L"unicode\*(R".
.PP
For example, consider this \s-1URL,\s0 which is part of the protected
area of the web site:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  http://www.unicode.org/mail\-arch/unicode\-ml/y2002\-m08/0067.html
.Ve
.PP
If you access that with a browser, you'll get a prompt
like 
\&\*(L"Enter username and password for 'Unicode\-MailList\-Archives' at server
\&'www.unicode.org'\*(R".
.PP
In \s-1LWP,\s0 if you just request that \s-1URL,\s0 like this:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use LWP;
\&  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;
\&
\&  my $url =
\&   \*(Aqhttp://www.unicode.org/mail\-arch/unicode\-ml/y2002\-m08/0067.html\*(Aq;
\&  my $response = $browser\->get($url);
\&
\&  die "Error: ", $response\->header(\*(AqWWW\-Authenticate\*(Aq) || \*(AqError accessing\*(Aq,
\&    #  (\*(AqWWW\-Authenticate\*(Aq is the realm\-name)
\&    "\en ", $response\->status_line, "\en at $url\en Aborting"
\&   unless $response\->is_success;
.Ve
.PP
Then you'll get this error:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  Error: Basic realm="Unicode\-MailList\-Archives"
\&   401 Authorization Required
\&   at http://www.unicode.org/mail\-arch/unicode\-ml/y2002\-m08/0067.html
\&   Aborting at auth1.pl line 9.  [or wherever]
.Ve
.PP
\&...because the \f(CW$browser\fR doesn't know any the username and password
for that realm (\*(L"Unicode-MailList-Archives\*(R") at that host
(\*(L"www.unicode.org\*(R").  The simplest way to let the browser know about this
is to use the \f(CW\*(C`credentials\*(C'\fR method to let it know about a username and
password that it can try using for that realm at that host.  The syntax is:
.PP
.Vb 5
\&  $browser\->credentials(
\&    \*(Aqservername:portnumber\*(Aq,
\&    \*(Aqrealm\-name\*(Aq,
\&   \*(Aqusername\*(Aq => \*(Aqpassword\*(Aq
\&  );
.Ve
.PP
In most cases, the port number is 80, the default \s-1TCP/IP\s0 port for \s-1HTTP\s0; and
you usually call the \f(CW\*(C`credentials\*(C'\fR method before you make any requests.
For example:
.PP
.Vb 5
\&  $browser\->credentials(
\&    \*(Aqreports.mybazouki.com:80\*(Aq,
\&    \*(Aqweb_server_usage_reports\*(Aq,
\&    \*(Aqplinky\*(Aq => \*(Aqbanjo123\*(Aq
\&  );
.Ve
.PP
So if we add the following to the program above, right after the \f(CW\*(C`$browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;\*(C'\fR line...
.PP
.Vb 5
\&  $browser\->credentials(  # add this to our $browser \*(Aqs "key ring"
\&    \*(Aqwww.unicode.org:80\*(Aq,
\&    \*(AqUnicode\-MailList\-Archives\*(Aq,
\&    \*(Aqunicode\-ml\*(Aq => \*(Aqunicode\*(Aq
\&  );
.Ve
.PP
\&...then when we run it, the request succeeds, instead of causing the
\&\f(CW\*(C`die\*(C'\fR to be called.
.SS "Accessing \s-1HTTPS\s0 URLs"
.IX Subsection "Accessing HTTPS URLs"
When you access an \s-1HTTPS URL,\s0 it'll work for you just like an \s-1HTTP URL\s0
would \*(-- if your \s-1LWP\s0 installation has \s-1HTTPS\s0 support (via an appropriate
Secure Sockets Layer library).  For example:
.PP
.Vb 8
\&  use LWP;
\&  my $url = \*(Aqhttps://www.paypal.com/\*(Aq;   # Yes, HTTPS!
\&  my $browser = LWP::UserAgent\->new;
\&  my $response = $browser\->get($url);
\&  die "Error at $url\en ", $response\->status_line, "\en Aborting"
\&   unless $response\->is_success;
\&  print "Whee, it worked!  I got that ",
\&   $response\->content_type, " document!\en";
.Ve
.PP
If your \s-1LWP\s0 installation doesn't have \s-1HTTPS\s0 support set up, then the
response will be unsuccessful, and you'll get this error message:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  Error at https://www.paypal.com/
\&   501 Protocol scheme \*(Aqhttps\*(Aq is not supported
\&   Aborting at paypal.pl line 7.   [or whatever program and line]
.Ve
.PP
If your \s-1LWP\s0 installation \fIdoes\fR have \s-1HTTPS\s0 support installed, then the
response should be successful, and you should be able to consult
\&\f(CW$response\fR just like with any normal \s-1HTTP\s0 response.
.PP
For information about installing \s-1HTTPS\s0 support for your \s-1LWP\s0
installation, see the helpful \fI\s-1README.SSL\s0\fR file that comes in the
libwww-perl distribution.
.SS "Getting Large Documents"
.IX Subsection "Getting Large Documents"
When you're requesting a large (or at least potentially large) document,
a problem with the normal way of using the request methods (like \f(CW\*(C`$response = $browser\->get($url)\*(C'\fR) is that the response object in
memory will have to hold the whole document \*(-- \fIin memory\fR. If the
response is a thirty megabyte file, this is likely to be quite an
imposition on this process's memory usage.
.PP
A notable alternative is to have \s-1LWP\s0 save the content to a file on disk,
instead of saving it up in memory.  This is the syntax to use:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  $response = $ua\->get($url,
\&                         \*(Aq:content_file\*(Aq => $filespec,
\&                      );
.Ve
.PP
For example,
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  $response = $ua\->get(\*(Aqhttp://search.cpan.org/\*(Aq,
\&                         \*(Aq:content_file\*(Aq => \*(Aq/tmp/sco.html\*(Aq
\&                      );
.Ve
.PP
When you use this \f(CW\*(C`:content_file\*(C'\fR option, the \f(CW$response\fR will have
all the normal header lines, but \f(CW\*(C`$response\->content\*(C'\fR will be
empty.
.PP
Note that this \*(L":content_file\*(R" option isn't supported under older
versions of \s-1LWP,\s0 so you should consider adding \f(CW\*(C`use LWP 5.66;\*(C'\fR to check
the \s-1LWP\s0 version, if you think your program might run on systems with
older versions.
.PP
If you need to be compatible with older \s-1LWP\s0 versions, then use
this syntax, which does the same thing:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use HTTP::Request::Common;
\&  $response = $ua\->request( GET($url), $filespec );
.Ve
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
Remember, this article is just the most rudimentary introduction to
\&\s-1LWP\s0 \*(-- to learn more about \s-1LWP\s0 and LWP-related tasks, you really
must read from the following:
.IP "\(bu" 4
LWP::Simple \*(-- simple functions for getting/heading/mirroring URLs
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\s-1LWP\s0 \*(-- overview of the libwww-perl modules
.IP "\(bu" 4
LWP::UserAgent \*(-- the class for objects that represent \*(L"virtual browsers\*(R"
.IP "\(bu" 4
HTTP::Response \*(-- the class for objects that represent the response to
a \s-1LWP\s0 response, as in \f(CW\*(C`$response = $browser\->get(...)\*(C'\fR
.IP "\(bu" 4
HTTP::Message and HTTP::Headers \*(-- classes that provide more methods
to HTTP::Response.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\s-1URI\s0 \*(-- class for objects that represent absolute or relative URLs
.IP "\(bu" 4
URI::Escape \*(-- functions for URL-escaping and URL-unescaping strings
(like turning \*(L"this & that\*(R" to and from \*(L"this%20%26%20that\*(R").
.IP "\(bu" 4
HTML::Entities \*(-- functions for HTML-escaping and HTML-unescaping strings
(like turning \*(L"C. & E. Bronte\*:\*(R" to and from \*(L"C. &amp; E. Bront&euml;\*(R")
.IP "\(bu" 4
HTML::TokeParser and HTML::TreeBuilder \*(-- classes for parsing \s-1HTML\s0
.IP "\(bu" 4
HTML::LinkExtor \*(-- class for finding links in \s-1HTML\s0 documents
.IP "\(bu" 4
The book \fIPerl & \s-1LWP\s0\fR by Sean M. Burke.  O'Reilly & Associates, 
2002.  \s-1ISBN: 0\-596\-00178\-9, \s0<http://oreilly.com/catalog/perllwp/>.  The
whole book is also available free online:
<http://lwp.interglacial.com>.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2002, Sean M. Burke.  You can redistribute this document and/or
modify it, but only under the same terms as Perl itself.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Sean M. Burke \f(CW\*(C`sburke@cpan.org\*(C'\fR

cmd: